An Efference Copy Which Is Modified by Reafferent Input
Abstract
In electric fish of the mormyrid family, an efference copy is present in the brain region that receives afferent input from ampullary electroreceptors. The efference copy is elicited by the motor command to fire the electric organ. Its effect is always opposite that of ampullary afferents responding to the electric organ discharge, and it changes to match variations in this afferent input. It probably reduces the central effects of activity in ampullary receptors evoked by the electric organ discharge.
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In the mormyrid ampullary system, ELL neurons respond to the CD in a manner dependent on recent experience.
“ELL neurons responded to the CD in a manner that was dependent on recent experience.”
From Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom (2008) · cites this paper as [52]
The CD of the mormyrid ampullary system is effectively a plastic photo negative of the expected reafference.
“The CD of the ampullary system is effectively a plastic photo negative of the expected reafference”
From Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom (2008) · cites this paper as [52]
For the mormyrid ampullary system, an adaptable CD mechanism is at work.
“For the ampullary system, an adaptable CD mechanism was found to be at work52.”
From Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom (2008) · cites this paper as [52]
Each time a motor command exits the mormyrid electric-organ command centre, a CD of the motor command also exits, targeting the electrosensory lateral line lobe.
“Each time a motor command exits the electric-organ command centre, a CD of the motor command also exits, targeting the ELL.”
From Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom (2008) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Bell, C. C.
- Affiliations
- Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bell, Curtis C.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1981-10-23
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 4519
- Pages
- 450-453
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2063136300
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 30.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- efference copy, ampullary electroreceptors, electric organ discharge, motor command, electroreception, sensory feedback
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Afferent Pathways, Animals, Brain, Efferent Pathways, Electric Organ, Fishes, Proprioception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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