Conversion of Xenopus Ectoderm into Neurons by NeuroD, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are instrumental in determining cell type during development. A bHLH protein, termed NeuroD, for neurogenic differentiation, has now been identified as a differentiation factor for neurogenesis because (i) it is expressed transiently in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems at the time of their terminal differentiation into mature neurons and (ii) ectopic expression of neuroD in Xenopus embryos causes premature differentiation of neuronal precursors. Furthermore, neuroD can convert presumptive epidermal cells into neurons and also act as a neuronal determination gene. However, unlike another previously identified proneural gene (XASH-3), neuroD seems competent to bypass the normal inhibitory influences that usually prevent neurogenesis in ventral and lateral ectoderm and is capable of converting most of the embryonic ectoderm into neurons. The data suggest that neuroD may participate in the terminal differentiation step during vertebrate neuronal development.
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Cell type-specific transcription factor expression is important for cell fate determination and cell differentiation.
“Cell type-specific transcription factor expression is important for cell fate determination and cell differentiation (e.g., Neu-roD for specification of neuron cell fate, Olig2 for specification of oligodendrocyte fate, and GM98/Myrf for oligodendrocyte differentiation; Lee et al., 1995;Zhou and Anderson, 2002;Emery et al., 2009).”
From An RNA-Sequencing Transcriptome and Splicing Database of Glia, Neurons, and Vascular Cells of the Cerebral Cortex (2014) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 1995
The helix-loop-helix domain is an ideal target for interaction trap screens such as the yeast two-hybrid system because it functions as a heterodimer.
“Due to its function as a heterodimer, the helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is an ideal target for an interaction trap screen such as the yeast two-hybrid system”
From Evolutionary aspects of developmentally regulated helix-loop-helix transcription factors in striated muscle of jellyfish (2003) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 1995
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“…expression is important for cell fate determination and cell differentiation (e.g., NeuroD for specification of neuron cell fate, Olig2 for specification of oligodendrocyte fate, and GM98/Myrf for oligodendrocyte differentiation; Lee et al., 1995; Zhou and Anderson, 2002; Emery et al., 2009).”
BackgroundDirect conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors
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- Authors
- Lee, J. E., Hollenberg, S. M., Snider, L., Turner, D. L., Lipnick, N., & Weintraub, H.
- Affiliations
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1995-05-12
- Volume
- 268
- Issue
- 5212
- Pages
- 836-844
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1972676659
- Cited by
- 1,023
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 21.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Keywords
- neurogenic differentiation, basic helix-loop-helix proteins, neuronal differentiation, neurogenesis, Xenopus, epidermal cells, terminal differentiation, proneural genes, ectopic expression
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cloning, Molecular, Ectoderm, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nervous System, Neural Crest, Neurons, Xenopus, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, Sequence Alignment, Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Mice, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins
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