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Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo–electron microscopy
Open accessAbstract
Frozen in time: The electrochemical processes occurring in a battery are highly dynamic. To understand the complexities of the charge and discharge cycles, you need to be able to watch the processes in situ or to freeze the battery rapidly for ex situ analysis. Li et al. applied cryo–electron microscopy techniques commonly used for studying biological samples to examine batteries. They identified the solid electrolyte interphase that forms, observed the interactions of Li with the interphase, and captured the formation of dendrites that can be detrimental to the lifetime of a battery. Science , this issue p. 506
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“Strangely, the signature of Li fluoride (LiF) lattice was not detected, even though LiF is considered to be a primary reason for performance enhancement [162].”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“The SEI formed in this standard electrolyte resembles the mosaic structure predicted by Peled et al. [166], who described the SEI as a heterogeneous distribution of inorganic and organic components.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“Instead of a random distribution of organic and inorganic components, the SEI formed in the presence of FEC is more ordered and appears to have a multilayer structure, consistent with the multilayer system proposed by Aurbach et al. [167].”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“These crystalline grains are the inorganic components of the SEI, identified to be Li oxide and Li carbonate by matching their lattice spacings.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“They also observed a completely different SEI structure when it was formed in a carbonate-based electrolyte with 10% FEC.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“The amorphous matrix is likely the organic polymer formed by carbonate electrolyte decomposition.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“In the latter [165], the SEI was revealed to contain small crystalline domains (diameter ~ 3 nm) dispersed randomly throughout an amorphous matrix that coats the Li metal.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“The inner layer appears to be an amorphous polymer matrix, whereas the outer layer is determined to be large grains (~ 15 nm) of Li oxide with clear lattice fringes.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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Citations
Cites
Advanced Model for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Electrodes in Liquid and Polymer Electrolytes
Peled, E., Golodnitsky, D., & Ardel, G. (1997) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1837858 · Cited by 1,205
The Surface Chemistry of Lithium Electrodes in Alkyl Carbonate Solutions
Aurbach, D., Ein‐Ely, Y., & Zaban, A. (1994) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2054718 · Cited by 344
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries
Liu, J., Bao, Z., Cui, Y., Dufek, E. J., Goodenough, J. B., Khalifah, P. G., Li, Q., Liaw, B. Y., Liu, P., Manthiram, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-019-0338-x · Cited by 3,478
Self-citationDesigning solid-state electrolytes for safe, energy-dense batteries
Zhao, Q. X., Stalin, S., Zhao, C., & Archer, L. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-019-0165-5 · Cited by 2,526
Winter, M., Barnett, B., & Xu, K. (2018) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00422 · Cited by 2,224
Challenges and opportunities towards fast-charging battery materials
Liu, Y., Zhu, Y., & Cui, Y. (2019) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-019-0405-3 · Cited by 1,859
Self-citationReversible epitaxial electrodeposition of metals in battery anodes
Zheng, J., Zhao, Q., Tang, T., Yin, J.-F., Quilty, C. D., Renderos, G. D., Liu, X., Deng, Y., Wang, L., Bock, D., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax6873 · Cited by 1,475
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, Y., Li, Y., Pei, A., Yan, K., Sun, Y., Wu, C.-L., Joubert, L.-M., Chin, R., Koh, A. L., Yu, Y., Perrino, J., Butz, B., Chu, S., & Cui, Y.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- ShanghaiTech University (CN)
- University of Siegen (DE)
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Yuzhang
- Li, Yanbin
- Cui, Yi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-10-27
- Volume
- 358
- Issue
- 6362
- Pages
- 506-510
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2765279177
- Cited by
- 1,547
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 173 · 2025: 184 · 2024: 166 · 2023: 207 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 206 · 2020: 209 · 2019: 135 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 48.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- lithium dendrites, solid electrolyte interphase, lithium metal, carbonate electrolyte, atomic structure, crystal growth direction, beam-sensitive materials, cryo-electron microscopy
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