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Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo–electron microscopy
Open accessAbstract
Frozen in time: The electrochemical processes occurring in a battery are highly dynamic. To understand the complexities of the charge and discharge cycles, you need to be able to watch the processes in situ or to freeze the battery rapidly for ex situ analysis. Li et al. applied cryo–electron microscopy techniques commonly used for studying biological samples to examine batteries. They identified the solid electrolyte interphase that forms, observed the interactions of Li with the interphase, and captured the formation of dendrites that can be detrimental to the lifetime of a battery. Science , this issue p. 506
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“Strangely, the signature of Li fluoride (LiF) lattice was not detected, even though LiF is considered to be a primary reason for performance enhancement [162].”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“The SEI formed in this standard electrolyte resembles the mosaic structure predicted by Peled et al. [166], who described the SEI as a heterogeneous distribution of inorganic and organic components.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“Instead of a random distribution of organic and inorganic components, the SEI formed in the presence of FEC is more ordered and appears to have a multilayer structure, consistent with the multilayer system proposed by Aurbach et al. [167].”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“These crystalline grains are the inorganic components of the SEI, identified to be Li oxide and Li carbonate by matching their lattice spacings.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“They also observed a completely different SEI structure when it was formed in a carbonate-based electrolyte with 10% FEC.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“The amorphous matrix is likely the organic polymer formed by carbonate electrolyte decomposition.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“In the latter [165], the SEI was revealed to contain small crystalline domains (diameter ~ 3 nm) dispersed randomly throughout an amorphous matrix that coats the Li metal.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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“The inner layer appears to be an amorphous polymer matrix, whereas the outer layer is determined to be large grains (~ 15 nm) of Li oxide with clear lattice fringes.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [165]
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Li, X., & Zhi, L. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00871f · Cited by 386
Mobile Ions in Composite Solids
Zou, Z., Li, Y., Lu, Z., Wang, D., Cui, Y., Guo, B., Li, Y., Liang, X., Feng, J., Li, H., et al. (2020) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00760 · Cited by 355
Self-citationSolid Electrolyte Interphases on Sodium Metal Anodes
Bao, C., Wang, B., Liu, P., Wu, H., Zhou, Y., Wang, D., Liu, H., & Dou, S. X. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202004891 · Cited by 363
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Zheng, X., Bommier, C., Luo, W. H., Jiang, L., Hao, Y., & Huang, Y. (2018) · Energy storage materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.04.014 · Cited by 325
Aligning academia and industry for unified battery performance metrics
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Status and challenges facing representative anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries
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Hard carbons for sodium-ion batteries and beyond
Xie, F., Xu, Z., Guo, Z., & Titirici, M. (2020) · Progress in Energy · doi:10.1088/2516-1083/aba5f5 · Cited by 331
“Cui and co-workers [87] successfully employed cryo-EM to achieve high-resolution images of SEI in different kinds of electrolytes, which opened up the way for future work.”
MethodElectrospinning‐Based Strategies for Battery Materials
Li, X., Chen, W.-C., Qian, Q., Huang, H.-T., Chen, Y.-M., Wang, Z.-Q., Chen, Q.-H., Yang, J., Li, J., & Mai, Y.-W. (2020) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202000845 · Cited by 270
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High-Efficiency Lithium-Metal Anode Enabled by Liquefied Gas Electrolytes
Yang, Y., Davies, D. M., Yin, Y., Borodin, O., Lee, J. Z., Fang, C., Olguin, M., Zhang, Y., Sablina, E. S., Wang, X., et al. (2019) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.06.008 · Cited by 268
Stable, high-performance, dendrite-free, seawater-based aqueous batteries
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Origin of lithium whisker formation and growth under stress
He, Y., Ren, X.-D., Xu, Y.-B., Engelhard, M., Li, X., Xiao, J., Liu, J., Zhang, J.-G., Xu, W., & Wang, C.-M. (2019) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0558-z · Cited by 264
Thenuwara, A. C., Shetty, P. P., Kondekar, N., Sandoval, S. E., Cavallaro, K., May, R., Yang, C.-T., Marbella, L. E., Qi, Y., & McDowell, M. T. (2020) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01209 · Cited by 264
Xu, G., Amine, R., Abouimrane, A., Che, H., Dahbi, M., Ma, Z., Saadoune, I., Alami, J., Mattis, W. L., Pan, F. M., et al. (2018) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201702403 · Cited by 291
Progress and Perspective of Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Lei, D., Shi, K., Ye, H., Wan, Z., Wang, Y., Shen, L., Li, B., Yang, Q., Kang, F., & He, Y. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201707570 · Cited by 282
How to avoid dendrite formation in metal batteries: Innovative strategies for dendrite suppression
Aslam, M. K., Niu, Y., Hussain, T., Tabassum, H., Tang, W., Xu, M., & Ahuja, R. (2021) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106142 · Cited by 310
Fast galvanic lithium corrosion involving a Kirkendall-type mechanism
Lin, D., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Li, Y., Pei, A., Xie, J., Huang, W., & Cui, Y. (2019) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-018-0203-8 · Cited by 318
Self-citationHao, H., Hutter, T., Boyce, B. L., Watt, J. D., Liu, P., & Mitlin, D. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00838 · Cited by 321
A review on the failure and regulation of solid electrolyte interphase in lithium batteries
Ding, J., Xu, R., Yan, C., Li, B.-Q., Yuan, H., & Huang, J.-Q. (2020) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.11.016 · Cited by 258
Bisalt ether electrolytes: a pathway towards lithium metal batteries with Ni-rich cathodes
Alvarado, J., Schroeder, M. A., Pollard, T. P., Wang, X., Lee, J. Z., Zhang, M., Wynn, T. A., Ding, M. S., Borodin, O. A., Meng, Y. S., et al. (2019) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c8ee02601g · Cited by 444
Molecular polaritons for controlling chemistry with quantum optics
Herrera, F., & Owrutsky, J. C. (2020) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.5136320 · Cited by 311
“[101] Yuzhang Li, Yanbin Li, Allen Pei, Kai Yan, Yongming Sun, Chun-Lan Wu, Lydia-Marie Joubert, Richard Chin, Ai Leen Koh, Yi Yu, John Perrino, Benjamin Butz, Steven Chu, and Yi Cui.”
BackgroundHe, H., Tong, H., Song, X., Song, X., & Liu, J. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d0ta00748j · Cited by 518
Advanced Liquid Electrolytes for Rechargeable Li Metal Batteries
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Surface engineering toward stable lithium metal anodes
Lu, G.-X., Nai, J., Luan, D.-Y., Tao, X., & Lou, X. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adf1550 · Cited by 248
“Specifically, Cui’s group (173) has pioneered to use the cryo-TEM to investigate the atomic structure of SEI films formed on the surface of Li metal in different electrolyte.”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, Y., Li, Y., Pei, A., Yan, K., Sun, Y., Wu, C.-L., Joubert, L.-M., Chin, R., Koh, A. L., Yu, Y., Perrino, J., Butz, B., Chu, S., & Cui, Y.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- ShanghaiTech University (CN)
- University of Siegen (DE)
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Yuzhang
- Li, Yanbin
- Cui, Yi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-10-27
- Volume
- 358
- Issue
- 6362
- Pages
- 506-510
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2765279177
- Cited by
- 1,547
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 173 · 2025: 184 · 2024: 166 · 2023: 207 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 206 · 2020: 209 · 2019: 135 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 48.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- lithium dendrites, solid electrolyte interphase, lithium metal, carbonate electrolyte, atomic structure, crystal growth direction, beam-sensitive materials, cryo-electron microscopy
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