The DOI matches its Crossref record; 121 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What would it take for renewably powered electrosynthesis to displace petrochemical processes?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: As the world continues to transition toward carbon emissions–free energy technologies, there remains a need to also reduce the carbon emissions of the chemical production industry. Today many of the world’s chemicals are produced from fossil fuel–derived feedstocks. Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into chemical feedstocks offers a way to turn waste emissions into valuable products, closing the carbon loop. When coupled to renewable sources of electricity, these products can be made with a net negative carbon emissions footprint, helping to sequester CO 2 into usable goods. Research and development into electrocatalytic materials for CO 2 reduction has intensified in recent years, with advances in selectivity, efficiency, and reaction rate progressing toward practical implementation. A variety of chemical products can be made from CO 2 , such as alcohols, oxygenates, synthesis gas (syngas), and olefins—staples in the global chemical industry. Because these products are produced at substantial scale, a switch to renewably powered production could result in a substantial carbon emissions reduction impact. The advancement of electrochemical technology to convert electrons generated from renewable power into stable chemical form also represents one avenue to long-term (e.g., seasonal) storage of energy. ADVANCES: The science of electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction continues to progress, with priority given to the need to pinpoint more accurately the targets for practical application, the economics of chemical products, and barriers to market entry. It will be important to scale CO 2 electrolyzers and increase the stability of these catalysts to thousands of hours of continuous operation. Product separation and efficient recycling of CO 2 and electrolyte also need to be managed. The petrochemical industry operates at a massive scale with a complicated global supply chain and heavy capital costs. Commodity chemical markets are difficult to penetrate and are priced on feedstock, which is currently inexpensive as a result of the shale gas boom. CO 2 capture costs from the flue or direct air and product separation from unreacted CO 2 are also important to consider. Assuming that the advancement of electrocatalytic technologies continues apace, what will it take to disrupt the chemical production sector, and what will society gain by doing so? This review presents a technoeconomic and carbon emissions assessment of CO 2 products such as ethylene, ethanol, and carbon monoxide, offering target figures of merit for practical application. The price of electricity is by far the largest cost driver. Electrochemical production costs begin to match those of traditional fossil fuel–derived processes when electricity prices fall below 4 cents per kWh and energy conversion efficiencies reach at least 60%. When powered by renewable electricity, these products can be made with a net negative carbon emissions footprint. A comparative analysis of electrocatalytic, biocatalytic, and fossil fuel–derived chemical production shows that electrocatalytic production has the potential to yield the greatest reduction in carbon emissions, provided that a steady supply of clean electricity is available. Additionally, opportunities exist to combine electrochemical conversion of CO 2 with a range of other thermo- and biocatalytic processes to slowly electrify the existing petrochemical supply chain and further upgrade CO 2 into more useful chemicals. Technical challenges such as operating lifetime, energy efficiency, and product separation are discussed. Supply chain management of products and entrenched industrial petrochemical competition are also considered. OUTLOOK: There exists increasingly widespread recognition of the need to transition to carbon emissions–free means of chemical production. CO 2 pricing mechanisms are being developed and are seeing increased governmental support. The nascent carbon utilization economy is gaining traction, with startup companies, global prizes, and industrial research efforts all pursuing new carbon conversion technologies. Recent advances in electrochemical CO 2 reduction through the use of gas diffusion electrodes are pushing current densities and selectivities into a realm of industrial use. Despite this progress, there remain technical challenges that must be overcome for commercial application. Additionally, market barriers and cost economics will ultimately decide whether this technology experiences widespread implementation. Electrochemical CO 2 conversion.: Reduction of CO 2 using renewably sourced electricity could transform waste CO 2 emissions into commodity chemical feedstocks or fuels.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In recent years, several wind and solar power auctions around the world have been won with prices below 41 $0.03 kWh -1 .”
From The technological and economic prospects for CO2 utilization and removal (2019) · cites this paper as [41]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made
Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782 · Cited by 18,606
Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design
Seh, Z. W., Kibsgaard, J., Dickens, C. F., Chorkendorff, I., Nørskov, J. K., & Jaramillo, T. F. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad4998 · Cited by 12,114
Self-citationModern Aspects of Electrochemistry
Bockris, J. O., White, R. E., & Conway, B. E. (2002) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/b114168 · Cited by 5,954
A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis
Carmo, M., Fritz, D., Mergel, J., & Stolten, D. (2013) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.151 · Cited by 5,797
McCrory, C. C. L., Jung, S., Ferrer, I. M., Chatman, S. M., Peters, J. C., & Jaramillo, T. F. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja510442p · Cited by 4,145
Self-citationNew insights into the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metallic copper surfaces
Kuhl, K. P., Cave, E. R., Abram, D. N., & Jaramillo, T. F. (2012) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c2ee21234j · Cited by 3,160
Self-citationA review of catalysts for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to produce low-carbon fuels
Qiao, J., Liu, Y., Hong, F., & Zhang, J. (2014) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c3cs60323g · Cited by 2,990
CO 2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface
Dinh, C.-T., Burdyny, T., Kibria, M. G., Seifitokaldani, A., Gabardo, C. M., García de Arquer, F. P., Kiani, A., Edwards, J. P., De Luna, P., Bushuyev, O. S., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aas9100 · Cited by 2,515
Self-citationCatalysts and Reaction Pathways for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Kortlever, R., Shen, J., Schouten, K. J. P., Calle‐Vallejo, F., & Koper, M. T. M. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01559 · Cited by 2,214
The Fischer-Tropsch process: 1950-2000
Dry, M. E. (2002) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(01)00453-9 · Cited by 2,061
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- 10.1007/s12274-015-0965-x · DOI
- COSIA “$20M NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE finalists announced; teams ready to test transformative CO 2 technologies at Alberta’s Carbon Conversion Centre” [press release] (2018); www.cosia.ca/resources/news-releases/20m-nrg-cosia-carbon-xprize-finalists-announced-teams-ready-test.
- S. K. Sanyal Cost of geothermal power and factors that affect it. In Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering (Stanford CA 2004); https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/IGAstandard/SGW/2004/Sanyal.pdf.
- Siemens and Evonik “Evonik and Siemens to generate high-value specialty chemicals from carbon dioxide and eco-electricity” [joint press release] (2018); www.siemens.com/press/pool/de/pressemitteilungen/2018/corporate/PR2018010135COEN.pdf.
- 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.10.023 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.pecs.2017.05.005 · DOI
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Effective Carbon Rates 2018: Pricing Carbon Emissions Through Taxes and Emissions Trading (2018). 10.1787/9789264305304-en · DOI
- Transparency Market Research “Global Ethanol Market: Advancement in Production Technologies to boost Market notes TMR” [press release] (2018); www.transparencymarketresearch.com/pressrelease/ethanol-market.htm.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,001
Cui, M., Wang, F., Zhao, W., Zhang, D., Liang, R., Ou, Q., & Zhang, S. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.141676 · Cited by 51
Zhu, Z., Yang, X., Liu, J., Zhu, M., & Xu, X. (2023) · Carbon Energy · doi:10.1002/cey2.327 · Cited by 50
Zhou, L., Li, C., Lv, J., Wang, W., Zhu, S., Li, J., Yuan, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Jin, H., et al. (2023) · Carbon Energy · doi:10.1002/cey2.328 · Cited by 49
ATP production from electricity with a new-to-nature electrobiological module
Luo, S., Adam, D., Giaveri, S., Barthel, S., Cestellos-Blanco, S., Hege, D., Paczia, N., Castañeda-Losada, L., Klose, M., Arndt, F., et al. (2023) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.07.012 · Cited by 49
Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction
Han, J., Tu, B., An, P., Zhang, J., Yan, Z., Zhang, X., Long, C., Zhu, Y., Yuan, Y. D., Qiu, X., et al. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202313926 · Cited by 50
Yu, H., Wu, H., Chow, Y. L., Wang, J., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d4ee01301h · Cited by 49
Li, S., Wu, G., Mao, J., Chen, A., Liu, X., Zeng, J., Wei, Y., Wang, J., Zhu, H., Xia, J., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202407612 · Cited by 49
Upgrading carbon monoxide to bioplastics via integrated electrochemical reduction and biosynthesis
Wi, T., Xie, Y., Levell, Z. H., Feng, D., Kim, J. Y., Zhu, P., Elgazzar, A., Jeon, T. H., Shakouri, M., Hao, S., et al. (2024) · Nature Synthesis · doi:10.1038/s44160-024-00621-6 · Cited by 50
Hierarchically conductive electrodes unlock stable and scalable CO2 electrolysis
Rufer, S., Nitzsche, M. P., Garimella, S. S., Lake, J. R., & Varanasi, K. K. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53523-8 · Cited by 54
Li, A.-Z., Wang, X., Li, S., Yuan, B.-J., Wang, X., Li, R.-P., Zhang, L., Li, B., & Duan, H. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c18345 · Cited by 49
A one‐carbon path for fixing CO2
Satanowski, A., & Bar‐Even, A. (2020) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.202050273 · Cited by 50
Nichols, A. W., Hooe, S. L., Kuehner, J. S., Dickie, D. A., & Machan, C. W. (2020) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03341 · Cited by 50
Smith, P. T., Weng, S., & Chang, C. J. (2020) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01162 · Cited by 47
Flexible Ligand in a Molecular Cu Electrocatalyst Unfurls Bidirectional O2/H2O Conversion in Water
Ali, A., Prakash, D., Majumder, P., Ghosh, S., & Dutta, A. (2021) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.1c01542 · Cited by 49
Wan, X., Zhang, Z., Yu, W., & Guo, Y. (2021) · Materials Reports Energy · doi:10.1016/j.matre.2021.100046 · Cited by 50
Morrison, A. R. T., Ramdin, M., van den Broeke, L. J. P., de Jong, W., Vlugt, T. J. H., & Kortlever, R. (2022) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00520 · Cited by 50
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production under Water Vapor Feeding─A Minireview
Suguro, T., Kishimoto, F., & Takanabe, K. (2022) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01478 · Cited by 48
Khan, N. A., Rahman, G., Nguyen, T. M., Shah, A. A., Pham, C. Q., Tran, M. X., & Nguyen, D. L. T. (2022) · Topics in Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11244-022-01706-2 · Cited by 51
Yang, K., Zhang, N., Yang, J., Xu, Z., Yan, J., Li, D., & Liu, S. F. (2023) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122718 · Cited by 49
Boosting electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO over interfacial hydroxide-metal catalysts
Fu, L., Qu, Z., Zhou, L.-L., & Ding, Y. (2023) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123170 · Cited by 48
Bimetallic-Derived Catalytic Structures for CO2-Assisted Ethane Activation
Xie, Z., & Chen, J. G. (2023) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00348 · Cited by 48
Electrifying HCOOH synthesis from CO 2 building blocks over Cu–Bi nanorod arrays
Zhang, G., Tan, B., Mok, D. H., Liu, H., Ni, B., Zhao, G., Ye, K., Huo, S., Miao, X., Liang, Z., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2400898121 · Cited by 49
Mou, L.-H., Du, J., Li, Y., Jiang, J., & Chen, L. (2024) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c03937 · Cited by 48
Impact of Alkali Cation Identity on the Conversion of HCO3− to CO in Bicarbonate Electrolyzers
Fink, A. G., Lees, E. W., Zhang, Z. B., Ren, S., Delima, R. S., & Berlinguette, C. P. (2021) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.202100408 · Cited by 48
The presence and role of the intermediary CO reservoir in heterogeneous electroreduction of CO 2
Louisia, S., Kim, D., Li, Y., Gao, M., Yu, S., Roh, I., & Yang, P. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2201922119 · Cited by 48
Liu, Y., Lou, Z. X., Wu, X., Mei, B., Chen, J., Zhao, J. Y., Li, J., Yuan, H., Zhu, M., Dai, S., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202202568 · Cited by 49
Tang, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Qian, Y., & Lin, B. (2022) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c02595 · Cited by 48
Molecular catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction: Progress and prospects with pincer type complexes
Younus, H. A., Ahmad, N., Ni, W., Wang, X., Al-Abri, M. Z., Zhang, Y., Verpoort, F., & Zhang, S. (2023) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215318 · Cited by 47
Application of MOF-derived materials as electrocatalysts for CO 2 conversion
Li, J., Luo, H., Li, B., Ma, J., & Cheng, P. (2023) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/d3qm00835e · Cited by 47
Peng, T., Zhang, W., Liang, B., Lian, G., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, W. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43136-y · Cited by 47
Kumar, K. S., Addad, A., Barras, A., Szunerits, S., & Boukherroub, R. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d3ta05726g · Cited by 49
Liu, H., Bai, Y., Wu, M. Y., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, L., Hao, J., Yan, W., & Shi, W. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202411575 · Cited by 47
Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Yu, Z., Song, C., Wang, J., Huang, H., Meng, L., Liu, M., & Liu, L. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c13961 · Cited by 47
Jung, Y., Abbas, H. G., Kim, S., Kim, B., Cho, J., Han, S., Song, H., Takaoka, Y., Song, J. T., Ishihara, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5c14093 · Cited by 46
The Chemistry of CO 2 Conversion: A Review
Grim, R. G., Badgett, A., Braunecker, W. A., Guarnieri, M. T., Habas, S. E., Hahn, C., Neyerlin, K. C., Prajapati, A., Ruddy, D. A., & Walker, R. Z. (2026) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00361 · Cited by 54
Self-citationReticular materials for electrochemical reduction of CO2
Huang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213564 · Cited by 47
Grosse, P., Yoon, A., Rettenmaier, C., Chee, S. W., & Cuenya, B. R. (2020) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09105 · Cited by 50
pH and Anion Effects on Cu–Phosphate Interfaces for CO Electroreduction
Pascual, P. S., Petersen, A. S., Bagger, A., Rossmeisl, J., & Escudero‐Escribano, M. (2021) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c03998 · Cited by 47
Chee, S. W., Lunkenbein, T., Schlögl, R., & Cuenya, B. R. (2021) · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/1361-648x/abddfd · Cited by 48
Carbon neutral manufacturing via on-site CO2 recycling
Barecka, M. H., Ager, J. W., & Lapkin, A. A. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102514 · Cited by 52
He, Q., Qiao, S., Zhou, Y., Vajtai, R., Li, D., Ajayan, P. M., Ci, L., & Song, L. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202106684 · Cited by 47
Iodide-mediated Cu catalyst restructuring during CO 2 electroreduction
Yoon, A., Poon, J., Grosse, P., Chee, S. W., & Cuenya, B. R. (2022) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d1ta11089f · Cited by 47
Smith, M., Martin, C. B., Arumuganainar, S. E., Gilman, A., Koel, B. E., & Sarazen, M. L. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202218208 · Cited by 46
Xue, Q., Xia, Z., Gou, W., Bu, J., Li, J., Xiao, H. Y., & Qu, Y. (2022) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.2c02104 · Cited by 46
Ke, J., Chi, M., Zhao, J., Liu, Y., Wang, R., Fan, K., Zhou, Y., Xi, Z., Kong, X., Li, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.3c00660 · Cited by 46
Luo, Y., Chen, S., Zhang, J., Ding, X., Pan, B., Wang, L., Lu, J. B., Cao, M., & Li, Y. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202303297 · Cited by 47
Revisiting Electrocatalyst Design by a Knowledge Graph of Cu-Based Catalysts for CO 2 Reduction
Gao, Y., Wang, L., Chen, X., Du, Y., & Wang, B. (2023) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.3c00759 · Cited by 46
The feasibility of direct CO2 conversion technologies on impacting mid-century climate goals
Grim, R. G., Ferrell, J. R., Huang, Z. Z., Tao, L., & Resch, M. G. (2023) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.07.008 · Cited by 48
Recent developments in noble metal–based hybrid electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Udayakumar, A., Dhandapani, P., Ramasamy, S., Yan, C., & Angaiah, S. (2023) · Ionics · doi:10.1007/s11581-023-05269-4 · Cited by 48
Recent advances in metal-free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Cai, M., Xu, L., Guo, J., Yang, X., He, X., & Hu, P. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d3ta05901d · Cited by 46
Green ethylene production in the UK by 2035: a techno-economic assessment
Nyhus, A. H., Yliruka, M., Shah, N., & Chachuat, B. (2024) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d3ee03064d · Cited by 49
Fundamental Insights for Practical Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction
Fang, W., Wang, M., Cai, L., & Xia, B. Y. (2025) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00154 · Cited by 47
Tandem amine scrubbing and CO2 electrolysis via direct piperazine carbamate reduction
Li, P., Mao, Y., Shin, H., Yang, Q. X., Cheng, X., Li, Y., Li, K., Yu, H. B., Mulder, R. J., Pang, W. K., et al. (2025) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-025-01869-8 · Cited by 50
Madsen, M. R., Jakobsen, J. B., Rønne, M. H., Liang, H., Hammershøj, H. C. D., Nørby, P., Pedersen, S. U., Skrydstrup, T., & Daasbjerg, K. (2020) · Organometallics · doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00815 · Cited by 46
Electrolyzer and Catalysts Design from Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide Electrochemical Reduction
He, J., Li, Y., Huang, A., Liu, Q., & Li, C. (2021) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-021-00100-y · Cited by 48
Decreasing the Energy Consumption of the CO2 Electrolysis Process Using a Magnetic Field
Bhargava, S. S., Azmoodeh, D., Chen, X., Cofell, E. R., Esposito, A. M., Verma, S., Gewirth, A. A., & Kenis, P. J. A. (2021) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01029 · Cited by 48
Temperature dependent product distribution of electrochemical CO2 reduction on CoTPP/MWCNT composite
Hossain, M., Pršlja, P., Flox, C., Muthuswamy, N., Sainio, J., Kannan, A. M., Suominen, M., López, N., & Kallio, T. M. (2021) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120863 · Cited by 46
Díaz‐Sainz, G., Álvarez-Guerra, M., & Irabien, Á. (2021) · Journal of CO2 Utilization · doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101822 · Cited by 46
Parey, V., Abraham, B. M., Jyothirmai, M. V., & Singh, J. K. (2022) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/d1cy02188e · Cited by 45
Boutin, E., Salamé, A., Merakeb, L., Chatterjee, T., & Robert, M. (2022) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202200697 · Cited by 45
An, L., Torre, P. D. L., Smith, P. T., Narouz, M. R., & Chang, C. J. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202209396 · Cited by 45
Defect-Engineered Cu-Based Nanomaterials for Efficient CO2 Reduction over Ultrawide Potential Window
Wu, Q., Liu, C., Su, X., Yang, Q., Wu, X., Zou, H., Long, B., Fan, X., Liao, Y., Duan, L., et al. (2022) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c08768 · Cited by 45
Acidic Media Impedes Tandem Catalysis Reaction Pathways in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Ling, N., Zhang, J., Wang, M., Wang, Z., Mi, Z., Dolmanan, S. B., Zhang, M., Wang, B., Leow, W. R., Zhang, J., et al. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202308782 · Cited by 46
Progress and Perspectives of Pulse Electrolysis for Stable Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Obasanjo, C. A., Gao, G., Khiarak, B. N., Pham, T. H., Crane, J., & Dinh, C. (2023) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02152 · Cited by 48
Shah, M. A., Shibiru, A. L., Kumar, V., & Srivastava, V. C. (2023) · International Journal of Green Energy · doi:10.1080/15435075.2023.2281330 · Cited by 48
Kim, J.-Y., Ahn, H. S., Kim, I., Hong, D., Lee, T., Jo, J., Kim, H., Kwak, M. K., Kim, H. G., Kang, G., et al. (2023) · Nature Synthesis · doi:10.1038/s44160-023-00449-6 · Cited by 55
Liu, S., Wang, T., Liu, X., Liu, J., Shi, H., Lai, J., Liang, J., Li, S., Cai, Z., Huang, Y., et al. (2023) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.3c04768 · Cited by 45
Fu, S., Izelaar, B., Li, M., An, Q., Li, M., de Jong, W., & Kortlever, R. (2024) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110461 · Cited by 45
Sick, V., Armstrong, K., Cooney, G., Cremonese, L., Eggleston, A., Faber, G., Hackett, G., Kätelhön, A., Keoleian, G. A., Marano, J. J., et al. (2019) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.201901034 · Cited by 50
Stable Fe2P2S6 Nanocrystal Catalyst for High‐Efficiency Water Electrolysis
Chang, J., Wang, G., Belharsa, A., Ge, J., Xing, W., & Yang, Y. (2019) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.201900632 · Cited by 44
Cheng, L., Li, Y., Chen, A., Zhu, Y., & Li, C. (2019) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c9cc08330h · Cited by 45
Achieving Highly Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction by Tuning CuO-Sb2O3 Nanocomposites
Li, Y., Chu, S., Shen, H., Xia, Q., Robertson, A. W., Masa, J., Siddiqui, U., & Sun, Z. (2020) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c00800 · Cited by 43
How Catalyst Dispersion Solvents Affect CO2 Electrolyzer Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Mowbray, B. A. W., Dvořák, D., Taherimakhsousi, N., & Berlinguette, C. P. (2021) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01731 · Cited by 44
Boosting C2+ production from photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction on gallium doped Cu2O
Guo, X., Wang, C., Yang, Z., & Yang, Y. (2023) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.144539 · Cited by 44
Enhanced CO 2 Reactive Capture and Conversion Using Aminothiolate Ligand–Metal Interface
Wan, M., Yang, Z., Morgan, H., Shi, J., Shi, F., Liu, M., Wong, H., Gu, Z., & Che, F. (2023) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.3c06888 · Cited by 44
Pan, F., Duan, X., Fang, L., Li, H., Xu, Z. C., Wang, Y., Wang, T., Li, T., Duan, Z., & Chen, K. (2023) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202303118 · Cited by 45
Free-Standing Single-Atom Catalyst-Based Electrodes for CO2 Reduction
Hossain, M. N., Zhang, L., Neagu, R., & Rassachack, E. (2024) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00193-7 · Cited by 53
Filippi, M., Möller, T., Pastusiak, R., Mágori, E., Paul, B., & Strasser, P. (2024) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00114 · Cited by 45
Scalable Low-Temperature CO2 Electrolysis: Current Status and Outlook
Lee, H., Kwon, S., Park, N., Cha, S. G., Lee, E., Kong, T., Cha, J., & Kwon, Y. (2024) · JACS Au · doi:10.1021/jacsau.4c00583 · Cited by 47
Gu, Q., Xin, Y., Sun, M., Zhang, H., Tang, A., Zhao, Y., Chen, Z., Song, Y. M., Naren, T., Zhang, L., et al. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202505461 · Cited by 44
Huang, Z. Z., Grim, R. G., Schaidle, J. A., & Tao, L. (2020) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115964 · Cited by 47
Managing the Nitrogen Cycle via Plasmonic (Photo)Electrocatalysis: Toward Circular Economy
Nazemi, M., & El‐Sayed, M. A. (2021) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00446 · Cited by 47
Wang, P., Jin, Z., Li, P., & Yu, G. (2022) · Chem Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.checat.2022.04.020 · Cited by 44
Pribyl-Kranewitter, B., Beard, A., Gîjiu, C. L., Dinculescu, D. D., & Schmidt, T. J. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111807 · Cited by 44
Watkins, N. B., Wu, Y., Nie, W., Peters, J. C., & Agapie, T. (2022) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02002 · Cited by 45
Analysis of the Scale of Global Human Needs and Opportunities for Sustainable Catalytic Technologies
Taseska, T., Yu, W., Wilsey, M. K., Cox, C. P., Meng, Z., Ngarnim, S. S., & Müller, A. M. (2023) · Topics in Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11244-023-01799-3 · Cited by 52
Corpus, K. R. M., Bui, J. C., Limaye, A., Pant, L. M., Manthiram, K., Weber, A. Z., & Bell, A. T. (2023) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.05.007 · Cited by 43
Udayakumar, A., Dhandapani, P., Ramasamy, S., & Angaiah, S. (2023) · ES Energy & Environments · doi:10.30919/esee902 · Cited by 44
Design principles for selective and economical CO2 electrolysis in acids
Kim, J., Ha, T. H., Kim, J., Jeong, G. H., Kim, S. O., Chung, W., Roh, K., Lee, J. H., & Oh, J. (2023) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123160 · Cited by 42
Electrowetting limits electrochemical CO 2 reduction in carbon-free gas diffusion electrodes
Baumgartner, L. M., Goryachev, A., Koopman, C. I., Franzen, D., Ellendorff, B., Turek, T., & Vermaas, D. A. (2023) · Energy Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ya00285c · Cited by 45
Toh, W. L., Dinh, H. Q., Chu, A. T., Sauvé, E. R., & Surendranath, Y. (2023) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-023-01404-7 · Cited by 45
Covalent organic frameworks for efficient hydrogen peroxide production
He, T., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · EnergyChem · doi:10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100121 · Cited by 43
Gupta, D., Mao, J., & Guo, Z. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202407099 · Cited by 43
Petrochemical Industry for the Future
Zhang, Y., Xing, E., Han, W., Yang, P., Zhang, S., Liu, S., Cao, D., & Li, M. (2024) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.017 · Cited by 48
Bohan, A., Jin, X., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Chen, W., Wei, Z., Du, Z., Liu, X., Wang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.157076 · Cited by 43
Wang, Y., Ma, F., Zhang, P., Zhang, G., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., Zhao, H. F., Zhang, J., Dong, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2025) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c04995 · Cited by 43
Vos, R. E., Sun, P., Schauermann, D., Javed, H., Hanselman, S., Fu, G., & Koper, M. T. M. (2025) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-025-01451-1 · Cited by 43
Tailoring the Electrocatalytic Activity and Selectivity of Pt(111) through Cathodic Corrosion
Hersbach, T. J. P., Ye, C., Garcia, A. C., & Koper, M. T. M. (2020) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c04016 · Cited by 46
Liu, L., & Corma, A. (2021) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.001 · Cited by 43
Recent progress in CO2 reduction using bimetallic electrodes containing copper
Dickinson, H. L. A., & Symes, M. D. (2022) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107212 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- De Luna, P., Hahn, C., Higgins, D., Jaffer, S. A., Jaramillo, T. F., & Sargent, E. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada.
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Total (United States) (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2019-04-26
- Volume
- 364
- Issue
- 6438
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2941803205
- Semantic Scholar
- 5d66417f82d78485dad1260657bfb11da018ccf4
- Cited by
- 3,052
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 425 · 2025: 552 · 2024: 594 · 2023: 462 · 2022: 405 · 2021: 356 · 2020: 206 · 2019: 52
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0004993)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
- Keywords
- electrochemical CO2 reduction, renewable electricity, carbon emission reduction, ethylene production, ethanol production, carbon monoxide production, techno-economic analysis, electricity prices, energy conversion efficiency, CO2 capture cost, catalyst stability, product separation, carbon capture and utilization, CO2 sequestration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
