New insights into the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metallic copper surfaces
Abstract
We report new insights into the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on a metallic copper surface, enabled by the development of an experimental methodology with unprecedented sensitivity for the identification and quantification of CO2 electroreduction products. This involves a custom electrochemical cell designed to maximize product concentrations coupled to gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance for the identification and quantification of gas and liquid products, respectively. We studied copper across a range of potentials and observed a total of 16 different CO2 reduction products, five of which are reported here for the first time, thus providing the most complete view of the reaction chemistry reported to date. Taking into account the chemical identities of the wide range of C1–C3 products generated and the potential-dependence of their turnover frequencies, mechanistic information is deduced. We discuss a scheme for the formation of multicarbon products involving enol-like surface intermediates as a possible pathway, accounting for the observed selectivity for eleven distinct C2+ oxygenated products including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and carboxylic acids.
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CO2RR can produce up to 16 different gas and liquid products, albeit with a wide range of selectivities.
“Based on the number of electrons transferred during the reaction, CO2RR can produce up to 16 different gas and liquid products, albeit with a wide range of selectivities.[24]”
From Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
Cu can produce up to 16 different products, including various hydrocarbons and alcohols, due to its ability to bind and further reduce the *CO intermediate.
“As the only metal catalyst in Group 3, Cu can produce up to 16 different products, [24] including various hydrocarbons and alcohols, due to its ability to bind and further reduce the *CO intermediate.”
From Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Kuhl, K. P., Cave, E. R., Abram, D. N., & Jaramillo, T. F.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jaramillo, Thomas F.
- Venue
- Energy & Environmental Science
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 7050
- ISSN
- 1754-5692 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-5706
- OpenAlex
- W2170456486
- Cited by
- 3,160
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 196 · 2025: 286 · 2024: 313 · 2023: 296 · 2022: 335 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 335 · 2019: 275 · 2018: 235 · 2017: 185 · 2016: 136 · 2015: 104 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 28.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy & Environmental Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Keywords
- electrochemical CO2 reduction, copper catalysts, CO2 reduction products, electrochemical cell design, turnover frequency, reaction mechanism, multi-carbon products, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, alcohol chemistry, selectivity
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