Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

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A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid β

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Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain

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A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration

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Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke

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Diffusion in Brain Extracellular Space

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Update on the Global Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in 1990-2013: The GBD 2013 Study

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Presidential Address*

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Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI

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The role of spreading depression, spreading depolarization and spreading ischemia in neurological disease

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The Neurovascular Unit and Responses to Ischemia

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Distribution of intraperitoneally administered deuterium-labeled water in aquaporin-4-knockout mouse brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion

Urushihata, T., Takuwa, H., Takahashi, M., Kershaw, J., Shibata, S., Nitta, N., Tachibana, Y., Yasui, M., Higuchi, M., & Obata, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1071272 · Cited by 1

The history of Danish neuroscience

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Choroid plexus vascular reactivity in moyamoya: Implications for choroid plexus regulation in ischemic stress

Han, C., Waddle, S. L., Garza, M. E., Davis, L. T., Eisma, J. J., Richerson, W. T., Fusco, M. R., Chitale, R. V., Custer, C., McKnight, C. D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.13161 · Cited by 1

Multiple timescale dynamics of network adaptation with constraints

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Origin of post-ictal and post-anesthesia adverse effects and possibly of SUDEP

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Recent studies on dynamics of vitamin C during some pathological injury models

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Pathogenetic links between ischemic stroke and sleep-disordered breathing

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Sleep and the glymphatic system

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Cortical-wide impairment of “The Glymphatic system” after focal brain injuryPreprint

Azuma, M., Lee, H., Shinzaki, K., Yamane, R., & Morita, M. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510560 · Cited by 1

Blood pressure lowering enhances cerebrospinal fluid efflux primarily via the lymphatic vasculaturePreprint

Jukkola, J., Kaakinen, M., Singh, A., Moradi, S., Ferdinando, H., Myllylä, T., Kiviniemi, V. J., & Eklund, L. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.548482 · Cited by 1

Enhanced glymphatic CSF tracer influx during α2-adrenergic agonist anesthesia is independent of tracer injection durationPreprint

Tong, T., Newbold, E. J., Wang, J., Waight, E., Caudell, A., Ladrón-de-Guevara, A., Giannetto, M. J., Hablitz, L. M., & Nedergaard, M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.29.728816 · Cited by 2

Importance of CSF circulation following ischaemic stroke: A novel MRI investigation of CSF parenchymal flow

Alshuhri, M. S. (2021) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · doi:10.5525/gla.thesis.82303

Global Mapping of Mouse CSF Flow via HEAP-METRIC Phase-contrast MRIPreprint

Li, J., Pei, M., Bo, B., Zhao, X., Cang, J., Fang, F., & Liang, Z. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.04.459006

Perivascular Space Detection by Using Contrast-enhanced Ultrafast Power Doppler Imaging: A Feasibility Study

Man, W., Huang, L., Zhang, J., Jiao, J., Jing, L., He, Q., Guo, Y., & Luo, J. (2021) · IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium · doi:10.1109/ius52206.2021.9593600

Preoperative Head CT Assisted Prediction of Acute Encephalocele During Isolated Acute Subdural Hematoma Surgery

Wu, J., Wu, G., Tang, X., Deng, P., Qian, J.-H., Cheng, Z.-Q., & Ma, M. (2021) · International Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.11648/j.ijn.20210502.16

Global cerebrospinal fluid circulation mapping using gold nanoparticle enhanced X-ray microtomography reveals region-specific brain and spinal cord CSF pathwaysPreprint

Pan, S., DeFreitas, D., Ramagiri, S., Bayguinov, P. O., Hacker, C. D., Snyder, A. Z., Wilborn, J., Huang, H., Yang, P. H., Raval, D. K., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.18.473250

Characterization of immune responses in the meninges

Merlini, A. (2022) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-9293

Stroke

Auer, R. N., & Meher, V. R. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0029475

Distribution of intraperitoneally administered D 2 O in AQP4-knockout mouse brain after MCA occlusionPreprint

Urushihata, T., Takuwa, H., Takahashi, M., Kershaw, J., Shibata, S., Nitta, N., Tachibana, Y., Yasui, M., Higuchi, M., & Obata, T. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.10.02.510567

Editorial: Neuroimaging study of post-stroke cerebral edema

Zhang, S., Zhu, C., Broocks, G., Huang, P., & Blair, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1167275

Magnetic resonance imaging-based progress in human glymphatic system research

Chen, S., Chen, Y., & Wu, R. (2023) · Radiology Science · doi:10.15212/radsci-2022-0011

Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behavior

He, J., Rubini, P., Li, B.-M., Yin, H., Tang, Y., & Illés, P. (2023) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.03.014

Principles of gliopathology

Verkhratsky, A., & Butt, A. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821565-4.00005-5

Intraoperative monitoring CBF dynamics during MCAO by laser speckle contrast imaging

Chang, Y. F., Meng, L., Wang, Y., Huang, M., Xiao, P., Lu, J., & Li, P. (2023) · International Conference on Photonics and Imaging in Biology and Medicine (PIBM) · doi:10.1117/12.2682695

Emerging Insights into the Interstitial Distribution of Neuraxial Therapeutics via the Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartment

Jansson, D., & Iliff, J. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39558-1_8

¡Es el Astrocito, Estúpido! Es la Recanalización, para Socorrer al Astrocito y Salvar la Neurona

Cox, P., & Gallardo, A., V (2024) · Cuadernos Médico Sociales · doi:10.56116/cms.v63.n4.2023.1760

Proof of InnocencePreprint

Didales, K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4771192

The Pathogenesis and Treatment Progress of Cerebral Edema after Ischemic Stroke

李, 佳. (2024) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2024.1441356

The causal relationship between extensive perivascular space burden and ischemic stroke and its subtypes and transient ischemic attack: A Mendelian randomization studyPreprint

Chu, X.-H., Shen, Y., Wang, Y., Dong, X. S., Liu, Y., Yan, F., Li, C., Zhao, W., Ji, X., Jiang, M., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4498156/v1

The fuzzy MAD stroke conjecture, using Fuzzy C Means to classify multimodal apparent diffusion for ischemic stroke lesion stratification

Damen, F. C., Su, C., Tsuruda, J. S., Anderson, T., Vályi-Nagy, T., Li, W., Shaghaghi, M., Jiang, R., Xie, C., & Cai, K. (2024) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2024.110294

MUSE and PROPELLER DWI for ADC in parasagittal dura: insights from high-resolution and reduced-distortion DWI

Liu, Y., Lin, S.-C., Liao, C.-H., Peng, S., Lu, Y.-X., Hsieh, C.-F., Lee, C.-H., Tsai, M.-T., Juan, C., Li, Y.-H., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-91751-0

Intracranial hypertension drives astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation through Piezo1-dependent EGFR activationPreprint

Zhao, Z., Hoffmann, A., Sun, F., Merz, T., Heuvel, F. O., Özkan, B., Münz, F., Calzia, E., Gröger, M., Kress, S., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.651431

Applied Neuropathophysiology and Neuropharmacology

Flesher, K., Kofke, W. A., & Balu, R. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198864714.003.0001

Fluid Management

Zahid, A. B., & Suárez, J. I. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198864714.003.0004

SIRT2-mediated autophagy as a target of butylphthalide in the treatment of ischemic stroke

Zhou, H.-Q., Gao, H., Lu, W.-M., Jiang, W.-L., & Wu, D. (2025) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152588

Vascular epilepsy in adulthood: current status and outlook for research and management

Stefan, H., Hammen, T., & Punia, V. (2025) · Clinical Epileptology · doi:10.1007/s10309-025-00782-0

Increased expression of WNK3 during the perinatal period in newborn rats with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy

Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, X., Gao, H., & Zhang, T. (2025) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2025.2558956

Imaging-Based Prediction Model for TOAST Classification in Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Cerebral Edema Progression PatternsPreprint

Xu, L., Shi, F., Huang, P., Zhang, R., Yu, X., Wang, X., Jiaerken, Y., Zhou, Q., & Zhang, M. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7132920/v1

Maturation of the glymphatic system confers innate resistance of the brain to Zika virus infectionPreprint

Doerl, J. G., Chaves, E. K. C., dos Santos, V. A. B., Marcelino, B. L. D. M., Coelho, D. M., Miyakoshi, L. M., de Araújo, J. M. G., Jerônimo, S. M. B., & Sequerra, E. B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684625

Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid Density Following Contrast Administration in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Khasminsky, V., Naftali, J., Tsur, G., Barnea, R., Eliahou, R., Atar, E., & Auriel, E. (2025) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.70381

Feasibility and safety of electrocorticography monitoring after acute brain injury to detect cortical spreading depolarisation, a prospective observational study in a neurological intensive care unit

Balança, B., Ghibaudo, V., Bado, J., Berthiller, J., Ritzenthaler, T., Gobert, F., Bapteste, L., Carrillon, R., Bodonian, C., Contard, F., et al. (2025) · Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2025.101669

The role of the glymphatic system in cerebral ischemia: pathological implications and future perspectives

Pérez, R. M., Moreno-González, E., Mejia, I. I., Albores-Mendez, E. M., Villalobos, H. F. N., Cruz, Y., & Ibarra, A. (2025) · Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy · doi:10.37349/ent.2025.1004123

Imaging BBB dysfunction in brain disorders

Wang, D. J. J., & Shao, X. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-32974-6.00001-x

Additional file 4 of Cerebral amyloid angiopathy aggravates perivascular clearance impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Kim, S. H., Ahn, J. H., Yang, H., Lee, P., Koh, G. Y., & Jeong, Y. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13199131

Additional file 3 of Cerebral amyloid angiopathy aggravates perivascular clearance impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Kim, S. H., Ahn, J. H., Yang, H., Lee, P., Koh, G. Y., & Jeong, Y. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13199128

Additional file 1 of Transplanted human iPSC-derived vascular endothelial cells promote functional recovery by recruitment of regulatory T cells to ischemic white matter in the brain

Xu, B., Shimauchi‐Ohtaki, H., Yoshimoto, Y., Sadakata, T., & Ishizaki, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22616825

Additional file 1 of Dynamic changes in glymphatic function in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome

Wu, C.-H., Kuo, Y., Ling, Y.-H., Wang, Y.-F., Fuh, J.-L., Lirng, J.-F., Wu, H.-M., Wang, S.-J., & Chen, S.-P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26677034

Additional file 2 of Cerebral amyloid angiopathy aggravates perivascular clearance impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Kim, S. H., Ahn, J. H., Yang, H., Lee, P., Koh, G. Y., & Jeong, Y. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13199125

Additional file 1 of Cerebral amyloid angiopathy aggravates perivascular clearance impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Kim, S. H., Ahn, J. H., Yang, H., Lee, P., Koh, G. Y., & Jeong, Y. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13199122

Additional file 1 of NIR-II nanoprobes for investigating the glymphatic system function under anesthesia and stroke injury

Sun, B., Fang, D., Li, W., Li, M., & Zhu, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26710763

Additional file 1 of Sleep fragmentation affects glymphatic system through the different expression of AQP4 in wild type and 5xFAD mouse models

Vasciaveo, V., Iadarola, A., Casile, A., Dante, D., Morello, G., Minotta, L., Tamagno, E., Cicolin, A., & Guglielmotto, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26562571

Additional file 5 of Cerebral amyloid angiopathy aggravates perivascular clearance impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Kim, S. H., Ahn, J. H., Yang, H., Lee, P., Koh, G. Y., & Jeong, Y. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13199134

Peripheral alpha-2 antagonist vatinoxan improves dexmedetomidine-induced perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow without affecting electroencephalogram activity in female rats

Antila, H., Jalonen, S. C., Persson, N. D. Å., Peltoniemi, M., Lohela, T. J., & Lilius, T. O. (2026) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110828

Alternating Current-Driven Silver Needle-Based Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Rapid and Low-Damage Diagnosis of Cerebral Hemorrhage with Edema

Chen, M., Liu, W., Yang, X.-L., Fang, K., Wang, A.-J., Yuan, P.-X., Liu, K., & Feng, J. (2026) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05143

Decompressive Surgery in Ischemic Stroke

Mraček, J., & Přibáň, V. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-08934-2_30

The role of the glymphatic system in the development of chronopathological disorders in patients after surgery with prolonged anesthesia

Kicherova, O. A., Kiprin, I. A., Рейхерт, Л. И., Кичерова, К. П., Эдуардовна, В. Т., Доян, Ю. И., Gorbachevskii, A. V., Анатольевна, С. В., & Александрович, М. Н. (2026) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro20261260217

Cervical Lymph Duct-Cannulated Rat Model for Assessing Lymphatic Transport from the Head and Brain

Zhu, Z., Song, H., Liu, W., Tian, M., Hoang, T. A., Reddiar, S. B., Trevaskis, N. L., Han, S., & Hu, L. (2026) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/70217

Impact of early glymphatic disorders on the development of vascular dementia

Xie, S., He, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhang, X. H., Chen, Y., Zheng, X., Xuan, W., Lin, J., Guan, J., Dai, Z., et al. (2026) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-026-02284-5

Quantitative Imaging of the Heterogeneity of Brain Potassium Depletion in Experimental Focal IschemiaPreprint

Kharlamov, A., Yushmanov, V. E., Easley, K. A., Yanovski, B., & Jones, S. C. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.710182

Modélisation cinétique de la perméabilité vasculaire et de l'inflammation dans l'accident vasculaire cérébral via l'imagerie dynamique simultanée TEP-IRM

Debatisse, J. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/611d34a3zc267z4178zb1e9z02cb86d82aad

The Role of Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels and Perivascular Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in Age-Related Processing Speed DeclinePreprint

Andreo, M., Sivakolundu, D. K., Zuppichini, M. D., West, K., Spence, J. S., Gauthier, S. A., Nguyen, T., & Rypma, B. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.05.716121

Longitudinal changes of BOLD-CSF coupling and its association with the clinical assessments in subcortical ischemic stroke

Li, Y., & Zhou, X. (2026) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2026.111951

Enhanced Taylor–Aris dispersion in slender pulsatile annular channels: implications for perivascular solute transport

Sarkar, D., & Mukherjee, S. (2026) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2026.11573

The neurovascular unit under siege: Molecular mechanisms and potential drug target for cerebral edema

Han, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, Q., Zhou, J., Hu, Y., Chen, X., He, J., Yan, C., Mao, J., Li, Z., et al. (2026) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.109068

Exploring the spatial covariance of cerebral vascular density and amyloid burden in Alzheimer's disease

Argenti, L., Cirone, A., Massa, F., Sentieri, E., Losa, M., Lorenzini, L., Garbarino, S., Sofia, L., Raffa, S., Bauckneht, M., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.70390

Arterial Perivascular Space‐Mediated Solute Transport in the Mouse Brain

Li, S., Wang, Y., Jia, G., Yu, Y., Zhang, Z., Wang, Q., Becker, K. V., Engle, J. W., Jiang, D., & Cai, W. (2026) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20250264

Trifluoperazine reduces infarct size, restores neurovascular coupling and improves early outcomes in experimental acute ischemic stroke

Tóth, R., Törteli, A., Szabó, M., Kovács, N., Horváth, I., Farkas, A. E., Frank, R., Szigeti, K., Bari, F., Krizbai, I. A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x261465851

Cross-ancestry pleiotropic analysis of imaging-derived phenotypes enhances risk stratification of depression

Feng, Y., Guo, X., Huang, P., Jia, N., Hu, S., & Yang, S. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03730-0

The glymphatic system in sleep: a nexus of waste clearance, brain homeostasis, and disease intervention

Xu, Y., Huang, W., Jiang, X., Fan, Y., & Bian, Q. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03750-w · Cited by 1

Mechanisms and Research Progress of the Association between Glymphatic System Dysfunction and Optic Neuropathies

王, 梓. (2026) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2026.1672645

Nonlinear Association Between the C‐Reactive Protein‐To‐Albumin Ratio and Post‐Stroke Epilepsy Risk

Wu, X., Zhou, Y., Yang, Q., & Tang, Y. (2026) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.70967

The Glymphatic System and Neurosurgery: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Current Concepts and Future Directions

Çetinkaya, K., & Ünsal, Y. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15145700

Post-stroke glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic dysfunction: mechanisms, imaging evidence, and translational challenges

Yang, J., Wang, T., Hu, Y., Liu, C., Shi, T., & Zhao, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Stroke · doi:10.3389/fstro.2026.1861562

The Role of the Glymphatic System in the Development of Chronopathological Disorders in Patients after Surgery with Prolonged Anesthesia

Kicherova, O. A., Kiprin, I. A., Рейхерт, Л. И., Кичерова, К. П., Эдуардовна, В. Т., Доян, Ю. И., Gorbachevskii, A. V., Анатольевна, С. В., & Александрович, М. Н. (2026) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-026-02039-3

Syndrome of the trephined: from pathophysiology to cranioplasty - an updated narrative review

Popoola, O. I., Okon, I. I., Maidan, A., Kasimieh, O., Lucero‐Prisno, D. E., Razouqi, Y., Arsal, S. A., Iqbal, U., & Chaurasia, B. K. (2026) · Brain and Spine · doi:10.1016/j.bas.2026.106252

A unified magnetic nanoprobe enables multi-sequence MRI mapping of post-stroke cerebrovascular and glymphatic injuries

Zhao, X. X., Li, X., Gong, Y., Wu, M., Li, J., Wang, H., Chai, C., Zhao, C., Lv, K., Yang, W., et al. (2026) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124534

Beyond amyloid and tau: Emerging pathogenic mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic prospects of Alzheimer's disease

Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Chen, N., Han, Y., & Lang, G.-P. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Insight · doi:10.1016/j.jci.2026.100008

Glymphatic dysfunction and cerebral edema: A transport-based framework, evidence, and therapeutic implications

Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Dong, Q., & Cao, W. (2026) · The Innovation Neurology · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-tine.2026.100014

Age-related molecular and functional remodeling of the choroid plexus in the gray mouse lemur

Amiot, F., Etchebest, A., Andriambelo, B., St-Germain, J., Avino, M., Plourde, M., Laurent, B., & Pifferi, F. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0357233

Tissue kallikrein attenuates early ischemic edema by facilitating glymphatic system kinetics in pMCAO mice

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High frame rate in vivo two-photon microscopy to quantify murine cerebrospinal fluid flow heterogeneityPreprint

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