The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Unadjuvanted intranasal spike vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against sarbecoviruses
Open accessAbstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted the need for vaccines that not only prevent disease but also prevent transmission. Parenteral vaccines induce robust systemic immunity but poor immunity at the respiratory mucosa. We developed a vaccine strategy that we call “prime and spike,” which leverages existing immunity generated by primary vaccination (prime) to elicit mucosal immune memory within the respiratory tract by using unadjuvanted intranasal spike boosters (spike). We show that prime and spike induces robust resident memory B and T cell responses, induces immunoglobulin A at the respiratory mucosa, boosts systemic immunity, and completely protects mice with partial immunity from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using divergent spike proteins, prime and spike enables the induction of cross-reactive immunity against sarbecoviruses.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119
Letko, M., Marzi, A., & Munster, V. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y · Cited by 3,109
BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting
Dagan, N., Barda, N., Kepten, E., Miron, O., Perchik, S., Katz, M. A., Hernán, M. A., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B., & Balicer, R. D. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2101765 · Cited by 2,527
Purification of RNA Using TRIzol (TRI Reagent)
Rio, D. C., Ares, M., Hannon, G. J., & Nilsen, T. W. (2010) · Cold Spring Harbor Protocols · doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5439 · Cited by 1,785
A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans
Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T. H. O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., Jiang, K., Arunkumar, G. A., Jurczyszak, D., Polanco, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5 · Cited by 1,769
Cele, S., Jackson, L., Khoury, D. S., Khan, K., Moyo-Gwete, T., Tegally, H., San, J. E., Cromer, D., Scheepers, C., Amoako, D., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.21267417 · Cited by 1,333
Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes
Hsieh, C.-L., Goldsmith, J. A., Schaub, J. M., DiVenere, A. M., Kuo, H.-C., Javanmardi, K., Le, K. C., Wrapp, D., Lee, A. G., Liu, Y., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abd0826 · Cited by 1,303
Use of the Inactivated Intranasal Influenza Vaccine and the Risk of Bell's Palsy in Switzerland
Mutsch, M., Zhou, W., Rhodes, P., Bopp, M., Chen, R. T., Linder, T., Spyr, C., & Steffen, R. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030595 · Cited by 916
mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern
Goel, R. R., Painter, M. M., Apostolidis, S. A., Mathew, D., Meng, W., Rosenfeld, A. M., Lundgreen, K. A., Reynaldi, A., Khoury, D. S., Pattekar, A., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm0829 · Cited by 873
Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar
Chemaitelly, H., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., AlMukdad, S., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., Al Khatib, H. A., Coyle, P., Ayoub, H. H., Al Kanaani, Z., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2114114 · Cited by 831
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 10.1038/s41586-021-04387-1 · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04387-1 · Paper page
- K. Sano. Efficient mucosal antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is induced in previously infected individuals. medRxiv 2021.2012.2006.21267352 [Preprint] (2021). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.06.21267352.10.1101/2021.12.06.21267352 2021.2012.2006.21267352 · doi:10.1101/2021.12.06.21267352
- Merck “Merck discontinues development of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccine Candidates; Continues development of two investigational therapeutic candidates ” press release (2021); https://www.merck.com/news/merck-discontinues-development-of-sars-cov-2-covid-19-vaccine-candidates-continues-development-of-two-investigational-therapeutic-candidates.
Cited by
In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine: next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms
Cankat, S., Demael, M. U., & Swadling, L. (2023) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-023-01116-8 · Cited by 84
Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages
Park, Y.-J., Pinto, D., Walls, A. C., Liu, Z., De Marco, A., Benigni, F., Zatta, F., Silacci-Fregni, C., Bassi, J., Sprouse, K. R., et al. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.08.491108 · Cited by 251
A broadly generalizable stabilization strategy for sarbecovirus fusion machinery vaccines
Lee, J., Stewart, C., Schäfer, A., Leaf, E. M., Park, Y.-J., Asarnow, D., Powers, J. M., Treichel, C., Sprouse, K. R., Corti, D., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49656-5 · Cited by 23
Li, J., Xing, H., Meng, F., Liu, T., Hong, X., Han, X., Dong, Y., Li, M., Wang, Z., Zhang, S., et al. (2024) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c01277 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Mao, T., Israelow, B., Peña-Hernández, M. A., Suberi, A., Zhou, L., Luyten, S., Reschke, M., Dong, H., Homer, R. J., Saltzman, W. M., & Iwasaki, A.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2022-11-25
- Volume
- 378
- Issue
- 6622
- Pages
- eabo2523-eabo2523
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W4307441048
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 44
- FWCI
- 32.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Unadjuvanted intranasal spike vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against sarbecoviruses. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.abo2523
- The paper
- Mao, T., Israelow, B., Peña-Hernández, M. A., Suberi, A., Zhou, L., Luyten, S., Reschke, M., Dong, H., Homer, R. J., Saltzman, W. M., & Iwasaki, A. (2022). Unadjuvanted intranasal spike vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against sarbecoviruses. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2523
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.