Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 331

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Unadjuvanted intranasal spike vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against sarbecoviruses

Open access
Mao, Tianyang, Israelow, Benjamin, Peña-Hernández, Mario A., Suberi, Alexandra, Zhou, Liqun, Luyten, Sophia, Reschke, Melanie, Dong, Huiping, Homer, Robert J., Saltzman, W. Mark, Iwasaki, Akiko·2022·Science

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted the need for vaccines that not only prevent disease but also prevent transmission. Parenteral vaccines induce robust systemic immunity but poor immunity at the respiratory mucosa. We developed a vaccine strategy that we call “prime and spike,” which leverages existing immunity generated by primary vaccination (prime) to elicit mucosal immune memory within the respiratory tract by using unadjuvanted intranasal spike boosters (spike). We show that prime and spike induces robust resident memory B and T cell responses, induces immunoglobulin A at the respiratory mucosa, boosts systemic immunity, and completely protects mice with partial immunity from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using divergent spike proteins, prime and spike enables the induction of cross-reactive immunity against sarbecoviruses.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.abo2523

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 44 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. 10.1038/s41586-021-04387-1 · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04387-1 · Paper page
  2. K. Sano. Efficient mucosal antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is induced in previously infected individuals. medRxiv 2021.2012.2006.21267352 [Preprint] (2021). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.06.21267352.10.1101/2021.12.06.21267352 2021.2012.2006.21267352 · doi:10.1101/2021.12.06.21267352
  3. Merck “Merck discontinues development of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccine Candidates; Continues development of two investigational therapeutic candidates ” press release (2021); https://www.merck.com/news/merck-discontinues-development-of-sars-cov-2-covid-19-vaccine-candidates-continues-development-of-two-investigational-therapeutic-candidates.

Cited by

See all 331

Metadata

Authors
Mao, T., Israelow, B., Peña-Hernández, M. A., Suberi, A., Zhou, L., Luyten, S., Reschke, M., Dong, H., Homer, R. J., Saltzman, W. M., & Iwasaki, A.
Venue
Science
Published
2022-11-25
Volume
378
Issue
6622
Pages
eabo2523-eabo2523
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W4307441048
Cited by
331
References
44
FWCI
32.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Unadjuvanted intranasal spike vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against sarbecoviruses. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.abo2523
The paper
Mao, T., Israelow, B., Peña-Hernández, M. A., Suberi, A., Zhou, L., Luyten, S., Reschke, M., Dong, H., Homer, R. J., Saltzman, W. M., & Iwasaki, A. (2022). Unadjuvanted intranasal spike vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against sarbecoviruses. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2523

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.