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A dysbiotic microbiome triggers T H 17 cells to mediate oral mucosal immunopathology in mice and humans
Open accessAbstract
Combined patient and animal model studies implicate microbiota-triggered T H 17 cells as disease drivers and therapeutic targets in periodontitis.
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“Studies using germ‐free mice have also been employed in the context of the oral microbiome, demonstrating the role of diabetes in disrupting the equilibrium of the oral microbiota50 and confirming the role of the oral microbiota in periodontal disease pathogenesis.51, 52”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“In line with the role of oral mucosa as a physiological barrier, the functions of immune networks within this mucosa reflect the site‐specific challenges faced within the oral cavity. For example, they contribute to homeostasis in response to masticatory forces and trigger immune responses to the development of pathologic microbial communities.52, 53”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
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“Microbial dysbiosis is also necessary for additional inflammatory responses characteristic of periodontal disease, including local expansion of pathologic interleukin‐17+/CD4+ T‐helper (T‐helper 17) cells.52”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“The importance of commensal species to pathogenesis is further demonstrated by the requirement for commensal microbial communities in the instigation of disease by periodontal pathogens.51, 52”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“homeostatic T‐helper 17 cells were found to be induced by mechanical stimuli in a microbiome‐independent manner, whereas periodontitis‐associated T‐helper 17 cells were found to accumulate in a microbiome‐dependent manner and to require both interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐23.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
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Citations
Cites
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Self-citation
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“There is reasonable evidence in other systems that inflammation can cause dysbiosis (4– 7), and there is reasonable evidence that dysbiosis induces inflammation (12).”
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“Additionally, the crucial involvement of TH17 cells in mediating microbiotainduced periodontal disease further supports the central involvement of neutrophils in periodontal disease[39,42].”
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“Of note, dysbiosis-driven T H 17 cell expansion and associated neutrophil accumulation in periodontal tissues drive immunopathology and inflammatory tissue destruction in both human and experimental mouse periodontal disease 117 .”
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“However, excessive IL-17 signaling can lead to inflammation, increasing the production of RANKL in osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, which in turn promotes over-activation of osteoclasts and leads to periodontal bone loss (72, 73); Th17 cell defects are associated with reduced periodontal inflammation…”
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“Moutsopoulos and his group have comprehensively investigated the role of the microbiota and its metabolites in induction of the local immune cells of the oral mucosal immune system, focusing on the interleukin-17 (IL-17)/T helper 17 (TH17)-dependent pathways that control the two major oral infectious diseases, periodo…”
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“However, dysbiosis can lead excessive Th17 cells and lead to periodontal inflammation (31).”
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Fibrin is a critical regulator of neutrophil effector function at the oral mucosal barrier
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“Bone loss was measured as the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest as previously described (Dutzan et al., 2018).”
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“DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit (Qiagen) with modifications as described (59).”
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“This interaction between bacteria and the host immune response is critical: it is now understood that host variation in inflammatory genes, including IL-17, can increase the risk of periodontitis and systemic diseases (Bedoya et al. 2013; Dutzan et al. 2018; Borilova Linhartova et al. 2019).”
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“IL-17 is a major driver of disease in periodontitis (130), RA (131), as well as type I diabetes mellitus (132).”
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Mucosal immunology of the ocular surface
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“Also, pharmacologically targeting RORγt, a transcription factor relevant for Th17 differentiation, reduces alveolar bone loss in a murine model of periodontitis [49].”
BackgroundRANKL and osteoimmunology in periodontitis
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“2 + Dnmt3a R878H/+ myeloid and T cells (key cells involved in periodontitis 43,44 ) relative to CD45.”
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“Higher expression of IL‐23 family cytokines is associated with various immunopathologies including Covid‐19 and PD.(72,79,80) Covid‐19 patients with severe disease exhibit pulmonary oedema and lung fibrosis.”
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“Accordingly, patients with autosomaldominant STAT3 deficiency (AD-HIES), are less susceptible to periodontitis (62).”
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“Interestingly, the dysbiosis-dependent expansion of TH17 cells appears central also in the development of periodontitis, and people naturally deficient in TH17 cells are less likely to develop periodontitis [55, 56].”
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Th17 Cells in Periodontitis and Its Regulation by A20
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“Inhibiting RORgt and then down-regulating IL-17 expression via GSK805 or curcumin attenuated alveolar bone loss (17, 82).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSkin Immunity to Dermatophytes: From Experimental Infection Models to Human Disease
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“albicans and mitis group streptococci which was first identified experimentally [13, 37], may have clinical implications on Autosomal-Dominant Hyper IgE Syndrome patients, who are susceptible to this oral infection [21].”
BackgroundOral, Tongue-Coating Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders: A Novel Area of Interactive Research
Li, Y., Cui, J., Liu, Y., Chen, K., Huang, L., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.730203 · Cited by 74
“Changes in the abundance of Enterococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. lead to the expansion of Th17 cells and the accumulation of IL-6 and IL-23 (53).”
BackgroundThe Th17/Treg cell balance: crosstalk among the immune system, bone and microbes in periodontitis
Deng, J., Lu, C., Zhao, Q., Chen, K., Ma, S., & Li, Z. (2021) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/jre.12958 · Cited by 71
Uriarte, S. M., & Hajishengallis, G. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13152 · Cited by 81
Self-citationThe neutrophil–osteogenic cell axis promotes bone destruction in periodontitis
Ando, Y., Tsukasaki, M., Huynh, N. C., Zang, S., Yan, M., Muro, R., Nakamura, K., Komagamine, M., Komatsu, N., Okamoto, K., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.1038/s41368-023-00275-8 · Cited by 73
Pan, S., Lan, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, S., Wang, T., Zhu, Y., Yang, S., Yuan, X., Gao, X. Y., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c05266 · Cited by 71
Oral Versus Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune Niches in Homeostasis and Allostasis
Suárez, L. J., Arboleda, S., Angelov, N., & Arce, R. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.705206 · Cited by 78
The oral microbiome in autoimmune diseases: friend or foe?
Huang, X., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Zheng, J., Ye, L., Mai, Z., Zhao, X., Cui, L., & Huang, S. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-03995-x · Cited by 76
de Molon, R. S., Vernal, R., Oliveira, G. E., Steffens, J. P., Ervolino, E., Theodoro, L. H., van den Beucken, J. J. J. P., & Tetradis, S. (2026) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-025-00478-1 · Cited by 85
“63,64 In human periodontitis, active resorptive sites are typically occupied by osteoclasts and their precursors, which are differentiated under the in fl uence of RANKL and pro-in fl ammatory cytokines secreted by immune and stromal cells, including T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and periodontal…”
Wang, C., Hao, Y., Gianfilippo, R. D., Sugai, J. V., Li, J., Gong, W., Kornman, K. S., Wang, H., Kamada, N., Xie, Y., et al. (2021) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.57775 · Cited by 67
“The development of peri-implantitis is considered to be driven by the accumulation of bacterial biofilms at the gingival-implant interface in susceptible individuals [1, 9-11].”
BackgroundInterleukin-17 induces pyroptosis in osteoblasts through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in vitro
Lei, L., Sun, J., Han, J., Jiang, X., Wang, Z., & Chen, L. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107781 · Cited by 67
Differential immune cell infiltrations between healthy periodontal and chronic periodontitis tissues
Li, W., Zhang, Z., & Wang, Z. (2020) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01287-0 · Cited by 68
Surma, S., Romańczyk, M., Witalińska-Łabuzek, J., Czerniuk, M. R., Łabuzek, K., & Filipiak, K. J. (2021) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-021-01140-x · Cited by 74
Elsayed, R., Elashiry, M., Liu, Y., El-Awady, A., Hamrick, M., & Cutler, C. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.669989 · Cited by 64
“…were to examine whether immune cells, representative of those at the oral mucosal-microbe interface in PD (Cutler and Teng, 2007; Hovav, 2014; Dutzan et al., 2016), are vulnerable to CS in vitro, as induced by the dysbiotic pathogen P. gingivalis (Hajishengallis et al., 2011; Hajishengallis…”
BackgroundPietropaoli, D., Pinto, R. D., Ferri, C., Marzo, G., Giannoni, M., Ortu, E., & Monaco, A. (2019) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13216 · Cited by 65
Oral Mucositis: An Update on Innate Immunity and New Interventional Targets
Chen, C., Zhang, Q., Yu, W., Chang, B., & Le, A. D. (2020) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034520925421 · Cited by 68
“2019), while a dysbiotic microbiome triggers Th17 cells to mediate oral mucosal immunopathology in both mice and humans (Dutzan et al. 2018).”
BackgroundSpecific inhibition of IL‐6 receptor attenuates inflammatory bone loss in experimental periodontitis
Vieira, G. H. A., Rivas, A. C. A., Costa, K., Oliveira, L. F. F., Suzuki, K. T., Messora, M. R., Ricoldi, M. S. T., Almeida, A. L. G., & Taba, M. (2021) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.20-0455 · Cited by 67
Rojas, C., García, M. P., Polanco, A., González, L., Sierra‐Cristancho, A., Melgar-Rodríguez, S. A., Cafferata, E. A., & Vernal, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.663328 · Cited by 63
Hajishengallis, G., Li, X., Divaris, K., & Chavakis, T. (2022) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12421 · Cited by 70
Self-citationThe Roles of Neutrophils Linking Periodontitis and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
Irwandi, R. A., Chiesa, S. T., Hajishengallis, G., Papayannopoulos, V., Deanfield, J. E., & D’Aiuto, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.915081 · Cited by 70
Self-citationRajendran, M., Looney, S. W., Singh, N., Elashiry, M., Meghil, M. M., El‐Awady, A., Tawfik, O. K., Susin, C., Arce, R. M., & Cutler, C. W. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900046 · Cited by 63
“Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that dysbiotic microbiome triggers the expansion of Th17 cells in human PD (23).”
BackgroundTongue Coating Bacteria as a Potential Stable Biomarker for Gastric Cancer Independent of Lifestyle
Xu, S., Xiang, C., Wu, J., Teng, Y., Wu, Z., Wang, R., Lu, B., Zhan, Z., Wu, H., & Zhang, J. (2020) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06637-0 · Cited by 61
Nagao, J.-I., Kishikawa, S., Tanaka, H., Toyonaga, K., Narita, Y., Yasumatsu, K., Tasaki, S., Arita-Morioka, K.-I., Nakayama, J., & Tanaka, Y. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111314 · Cited by 60
Guided Bone Regeneration Using Barrier Membrane in Dental Applications
Kim, K., Su, Y., Kucine, A. J., Cheng, K., & Zhu, D. (2023) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00690 · Cited by 61
Microbiota-Propelled T Helper 17 Cells in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer
Bellone, M., Brevi, A., & Huber, S. (2020) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00064-19 · Cited by 60
“has been shown in individuals with a genetic defect in TH17 cell differentiation (201).”
BackgroundYuh, D., Maekawa, T., Li, X., Kajikawa, T., Bdeir, K. H., Chavakis, T., & Hajishengallis, G. (2020) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra120.013024 · Cited by 58
“Specifically, in a model of ligature-induced periodontitis where bone loss is driven by the ligature-associated dysbiotic microbiome (17, 18), ligature removal promotes inflammation resolution in WT mice but not in littermate Del1 mice (4).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationActive gingival inflammation is linked to hypertension
Pietropaoli, D., Monaco, A., D’Aiuto, F., Muñoz Aguilera, E., Ortu, E., Giannoni, M., Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, M., Guzik, T. J., Ferri, C., & Del Pinto, R. (2020) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002514 · Cited by 56
“The unique contribution of specific and diverse inflammatory pathways in the acute and the chronic settings might be a possible explanation for the observed differences between gingivitis and stable/unstable periodontitis in the reported association [42,43].”
BackgroundT Helper 17 Cells as Pathogenic Drivers of Periodontitis
Dutzan, N., & Abusleme, L. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_9 · Cited by 60
Self-citationTan, J., Dai, A., Pan, L., Zhang, L., Wang, Z., Ke, T., Sun, W., Wu, Y., Ding, P., & Chen, L. (2021) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2021/9919024 · Cited by 56
RGS12 Drives Macrophage Activation and Osteoclastogenesis in Periodontitis
Yuan, G., Fu, C., Yang, S. T., Yuh, D.-Y., Hajishengallis, G., & Yang, S. (2021) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345211045303 · Cited by 57
“Studies showed that the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL1β, IL17, TNFα, and COX2 are related to periodontal tissue damage and bone loss (Kayal 2013; Dutzan et al. 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEpithelial-derived interleukin-23 promotes oral mucosal immunopathology
Kim, T. S., Ikeuchi, T., Theofilou, V. I., Williams, D. W., Greenwell‐Wild, T., June, A., Adade, E. E., Li, L., Abusleme, L., Dutzan, N., et al. (2024) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.020 · Cited by 56
Self-citationElashiry, M., Elsayed, R., & Cutler, C. W. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11010115 · Cited by 58
Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis: Local Proteins and Compounds to Alleviate Periodontitis
Sirisereephap, K., Maekawa, T., Tamura, H., Hiyoshi, T., Domon, H., Isono, T., Terao, Y., Maeda, T., & Tabeta, K. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23105540 · Cited by 57
Álvarez, C., Abdalla, H. B., Suliman, S., Rojas, P., Wu, Y., Almarhoumi, R., Huang, R., Galindo, M. A., Vernal, R., & Kantarcı, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.664756 · Cited by 55
“CD4 Th17 cells are significantly expanded by the microbial dysbiosis around the tooth, requiring local IL-6 and IL-23 production for their expansion (8, 9).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Dutzan, N., Kajikawa, T., Abusleme, L., Greenwell-Wild, T., Zuazo, C. E., Ikeuchi, T., Brenchley, L., Abe, T., Hurabielle, C., Martin, D., Morell, R. J., Freeman, A. F., Lazarevic, V., Trinchieri, G., Diaz, P. I., Holland, S. M., Belkaid, Y., Hajishengallis, G., & Moutsopoulos, N. M.
- Affiliations
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- UConn Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moutsopoulos, Niki M.
- ORCID
- Dutzan, Nicolas
- Kajikawa, Tetsuhiro
- Abusleme, Loreto
- Zuazo, Carlos E.
- Ikeuchi, Tomoko
- Brenchley, Laurie
- Abe, Toshiharu
- Hurabielle, Charlotte
- Martin, Daniel
- Morell, Robert J.
- Freeman, Alexandra F.
- Lazarevic, Vanja
- Trinchieri, Giorgio
- Diaz, Patricia I.
- Holland, Steven M.
- Belkaid, Yasmine
- Hajishengallis, George
- Moutsopoulos, Niki M.
- Venue
- Science Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2018-10-17
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 463
- ISSN
- 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-6242
- PMC
- PMC6330016
- OpenAlex
- W2896857921
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 44.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- NIAID (IRP)
- NIDCR (Intramural, DE024153, DE026152)
- NCI Intramural
- La Roche-Posay
- CEDEF
- Philippe Foundation
- fondation groupe pasteur mutualité
- Société Française de Dermatologie
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- dysbiosis, oral microbiota, Th17 cells, oral inflammation, periodontitis, oral immunity, targeted therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Bone Resorption, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Inflammation, Mouth Mucosa, Neutrophils, Periodontitis, Interleukin-6, Mice, Interleukin-23, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3, Th17 Cells, Microbiota, Dysbiosis
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