Repurposing Thiram and Disulfiram as Antibacterial Agents for Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Open accessAbstract
Thiram and disulfiram were evaluated as antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Against a 30-member panel comprised of vancomycin-susceptible, vancomycin-intermediate, and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strains, the MIC 90 values of the respective test agents were 4 and 16 μg/ml. Additional analyses revealed that thiram and disulfiram are rapid-acting bacteriostatic agents with narrow, Gram-positive-bacterium spectrum activity. Synergy studies further determined that disulfiram increases the vancomycin susceptibility of three clinical vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strains in vitro , thus establishing a potential use in combination therapy.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
DIS, an electrophilic compound, readily forms disulfides with thiol-bearing molecules; bacteria harbor diverse intracellular thiols that DIS can modify via thiol-disulfide exchange, triggering antimicrobial effects.
“DIS, an electrophilic compound, readily forms disulfides with thiol-bearing molecules. Bacteria harbor diverse intracellular thiols, including cofactors (e.g., coenzyme A), metabolites (e.g., glutathione, mycothiol, and bacillithiol), and enzymes (e.g., thioredoxin), that DIS can modify via thiol-disulfide exchange, triggering antimicrobial effects.100”
From Off-label and repurposed use of disulfiram beyond alcohol dependence: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [100]
Exogenous glutathione raises minimal inhibitory concentrations 2-fold for DIS, explaining its limited activity against thiol-rich Gram-negatives versus Gram-positives.
“Exogenous glutathione raises minimal inhibitory concentrations 2-fold for DIS,100 explaining its limited activity against thiol-rich Gram-negatives versus Gram-positives.100,103,104,105,106,107,108”
From Off-label and repurposed use of disulfiram beyond alcohol dependence: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [100]
Initial growth deceleration stems from rapid DIS cleavage by cellular thiols in proteins, metabolites, and cofactors, abruptly halting metabolism; cleavage yields mixed disulfides that undergo further thiol-disulfide exchange, producing disulfides and DDC.
“Initial growth deceleration stems from rapid DIS cleavage by cellular thiols in proteins, metabolites, and cofactors, abruptly halting metabolism. Cleavage yields mixed disulfides that undergo further thiol-disulfide exchange (e.g., with glutathione), producing disulfides and DDC.100”
From Off-label and repurposed use of disulfiram beyond alcohol dependence: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [100]
Cites
Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them
Odds, F. C. (2003) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkg301 · Cited by 2,498 · see citing works
Pankey, G. A., & Sabath, L. D. (2004) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/381972 · Cited by 1,207 · see citing works
Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic
Ankri, S., & Mirelman, D. (1999) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(99)80003-3 · Cited by 1,185 · see citing works
Allicin: Chemistry and biological properties
Borlinghaus, J., Albrecht, F., Gruhlke, M., Nwachukwu, I., & Slusarenko, A. (2014) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules190812591 · Cited by 893 · see citing works
Manual of Clinical Microbiology
Schaeffer, M. (1971) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1971.20.3.tm0200030508a · Cited by 767 · see citing works
A review of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of disulfiram and its metabolites
Johansson, B. (1992) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03310.x · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Gould, I. M., David, M. Z., Esposito, S., Garau, J., Lina, G., Mazzei, T., & Peters, G. (2011) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.028 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism
Wright, C., & Moore, R. D. (1990) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90534-k · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Redox regulation by reversible protein S-thiolation in bacteria
Vu, L. V., Rossius, M., & Antelmann, H. (2015) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00187 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Thiram: degradation, applications and analytical methods
Sharma, V. K., Aulakh, J. S., & Malik, A. K. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b304710e · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Role of disulfiram in the in vitro inhibition of rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase
Shen, M. L., Lipsky, J. J., & Naylor, S. (2000) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00435-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Gould, I. M. (2013) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Distribution of S35 disulfiram and metabolites in mice, and metabolism of S35 disulfiram in the dog.
Faiman, Dodd, D. E., & Re, H. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Assessment of mutagenic potential of thiram
Agrawal, R. C., Shukla, Y., & Mehrotra, N. K. (1997) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00017-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Methods for Determining Bactericidal Activity and Antimicrobial Interactions
Verma, P. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420014495.ch12 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Disulfiram inhibits the in vitro growth of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
Phillips, M., Malloy, G., Nedunchezian, D., Lukrec, A., & Howard, R. G. (1991) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.35.4.785 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A ntabuse's diamond anniversary: Still sparkling on?
Ellis, P., & Dronsfield, A. T. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12018 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gessner, P. K., & Gessner, T. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2328-0_16 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 21 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lu, Y., Pan, Q., Gao, W., Pu, Y., Luo, K., He, B., & Gu, Z. (2022) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121335 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Disulfiram: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges
Lanz, J., Biniaz-Harris, N., Kuvaldina, M., Jain, S., Lewis, K., & Fallon, B. A. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12030524 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Lei, Y., Tang, L., Chen, Q., Wu, L., He, W., Tu, D., Wang, S., Chen, Y., Liu, S., Xie, Z., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34671-1 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The revival of dithiocarbamates: from pesticides to innovative medical treatments
Kaul, L., Süss, R., Zannettino, A. C. W., & Richter, K. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102092 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Aabed, K., & Mohammed, A. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.652362 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Gut microbiome: An intermediary to neurotoxicity
Dempsey, J. L., Little, M., & Cui, J. Y. (2019) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.005 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Drug repurposing to overcome microbial resistance
Jampílek, J. (2022) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.006 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Repurposing disulfiram for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections
Thakare, R., Shukla, M., Kaul, G., Dasgupta, A., & Chopra, S. (2019) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.024 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Drug repurposing against antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens
Aggarwal, M., Patra, A., Awasthi, I., George, A., Gagneja, S., Gupta, V., Capalash, N., & Sharma, P. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116833 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Disulfiram-based disulfides as narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents
Sheppard, J. G., Frazier, K. R., Saralkar, P. A., Hossain, M. F., Geldenhuys, W. J., & Long, T. E. (2018) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.023 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationDasagrandhi, C., Park, S., Jung, W., & Kim, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19082157 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Wandiyanto, J. V., Cheeseman, S., Truong, V. K., Kobaisi, M. A., Bizet, C., Juodkazis, S., Thissen, H. W., Crawford, R. J., & Ivanova, E. P. (2019) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c9tb00102f · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Spray Film-Forming systems as promising topical in situ Systems: A review
Бахрушина, Е. О., Shumkova, M. M., Sergienko, F. S., Novozhilova, E. V., & Демина, Н. Б. (2022) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.014 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Antibacterial activity of disulfiram and its metabolites
Frazier, K. R., Moore, J. A., & Long, T. E. (2018) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.14094 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationSheppard, J. G., McAleer, J. P., Saralkar, P. A., Geldenhuys, W. J., & Long, T. E. (2017) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.018 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationLiegner, K. B. (2019) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics8020072 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Potula, H.-H. S. K., Shahryari, J., Inayathullah, M., Malkovskiy, A. V., Kim, K., & Rajadas, J. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9090633 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Allicin-Inspired Heterocyclic Disulfides as Novel Antimicrobial Agents
Wang, J., Hu, Y., Zhou, H., Li, A.-P., Zhang, S., Luo, X., Zhang, B., An, J., Zhang, Z., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03765 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Advantages and disadvantages of disulfiram coadministered with popular addictive substances
Kleczkowska, P., Sulejczak, D., & Zaremba, M. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174143 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Custodio, M. M., Sparks, J., & Long, T. E. (2022) · Anti-Infective Agents · doi:10.2174/2211352520666220104104747 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationRepurposing nonantibiotic drugs as antibacterials
Thakare, R., Kaul, G., Shukla, M., Kesharwani, P., Srinivas, N., Dasgupta, A., & Chopra, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818480-6.00005-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Krajaejun, T., Lohnoo, T., Yingyong, W., Rujirawat, T., Kumsang, Y., Jongkhajornpong, P., Theerawatanasirikul, S., Kittichotirat, W., Reamtong, O., & Yolanda, H. (2019) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00609-19 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wang, C., Wu, X., Bai, H., Zaman, K. A. U., Hou, S., Saito, J. A., Wongwiwatthananukit, S., Kim, K. S., & Cao, S. (2020) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00344 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection
Li, G., Oliveira, D. M. P. D., & Walker, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kaul, L., Abdo, A. I., Coenye, T., Krom, B. P., Hoogenkamp, M. A., Zannettino, A. C. W., Süss, R., & Richter, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.999893 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
(2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Álvarez-Manzo, H. S., Zhang, Y., Shi, W., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9090542 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zhang, B., Skelly, J. D., Braun, B. M., Ayers, D. C., & Song, J. (2020) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c00600 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Systematic review of disulfiram as an antibacterial agent: what is the evidence?
Meneguello, J. E., Murase, L. S., de Souza, J. V. P., de Oliveira, C. G., Ghiraldi‐Lopes, L. D., Teixeira, J. J. V., Scodro, R. B. D. L., Caleffi-Ferracioli, K. R., Siqueira, V. L. D., Campanerut‐Sá, P. A. Z., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106578 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Promising treatment strategies to combat Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections: an updated review
Seethalakshmi, P. S., Rajeev, R., Kiran, G. S., & Selvin, J. (2020) · Biofouling · doi:10.1080/08927014.2020.1857743 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Unsymmetrical Monoterpenylhetaryl Disulfides
Судариков, Д. В., Gyrdymova, Y. V., Борисов, А. В., Lukiyanova, J. M., Rumyantcev, R. V., Шевченко, О. Г., Baidamshina, D. R., Zakarova, N. D., Kayumov, A. R., Синегубова, E. O., et al. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27165101 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Disulfiram, an alcohol dependence therapy, can inhibit the in vitro growth of Francisella tularensis
Hamblin, K. A., Flick-Smith, H. C., Barnes, K. B., Pereira‐Leal, J. B., Surkont, J., Hampson, R., Atkins, H. S., & Harding, S. V. (2019) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.04.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Antibacterial kaneoheoic acids A-F from a Hawaiian fungus Fusarium sp. FM701
Zaman, K. A. U., Wu, X., Hu, Z., Yoshida, W. Y., Hou, S., Saito, J. A., Avad, K., Hevener, K. E., Alumasa, J. N., & Cao, S. (2020) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112545 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Perkins, A. K., Rose, A. L., Grossart, H., Schulz, K. G., Neubauer, D., Tonge, M. P., Rosentreter, J. A., Eyre, B. D., Rojas-Jiménez, K., Deschaseaux, E. S. M., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166957 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Aabed, K., & Mohammed, A. E. (2021) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano11102573 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bi-layered disulfiram-loaded fiber membranes with antibacterial properties for wound dressing
Xie, C., Yan, J., Cao, S., Liu, R., Sun, B., Xie, Y. M., Qu, K., Zhang, W., Weng, Z., & Wang, Z. (2021) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-021-03663-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Potential Patient-Reported Toxicities With Disulfiram Treatment in Late Disseminated Lyme Disease
Trautmann, A., Gascan, H., & Ghozzi, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00133 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Repurposing Disulfiram as an Antimicrobial Agent in Topical Infections
Lajarin-Reinares, M., Pena-Rodríguez, E., Cañellas-Santos, M., Rosell, E., Cortés, P., Casas, M. L., Torras, M. D. L. Á. C., & Fernández-Campos, F. (2022) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics11121752 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Medical Importance of ESKAPE Pathogens
Salim, S. A., Mohan, M. S., Forgia, N., & Busi, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8799-3_1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Moore, J. A., Meakin, M., Earl, M. H., Kummer, T. M., McAleer, J. P., & Long, T. E. (2020) · Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance · doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2020.03.014 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationLong, T. E., Naidu, S. T., Hissom, E. G., Meka, Y., Chavva, H., Brown, K. C., Valentine, M. E., Fan, J., Denvir, J., Primerano, D. A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-00078-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLewis, A. D., Riedel, T. M., Kesler, M. B. A., Varney, M. E., & Long, T. E. (2022) · The Journal of Antibiotics · doi:10.1038/s41429-022-00500-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of thiram exposure on liver metabolism of chickens
Wang, M., Wang, L., Shabbir, S., Zhou, D., Shahid, M. A., Luo, H., Li, H., Li, Z., Sun, X., Wu, C., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1139815 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Recent advances in synthetic approaches for biologically active organic dithiocarbamates
Roy, B. (2025) · Journal of Sulfur Chemistry · doi:10.1080/17415993.2025.2497317 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Treatment Strategies to Combat Multidrug Resistance (MDR) in Bacteria
Jan, B., Jan, R., Afzal, S., Ayoub, M., & Masoodi, M. H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-9167-7_4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Biernat-Sudolska, M., Rojek-Zakrzewska, D., Drożdż, K., & Bilska‐Wilkosz, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010040 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Winters, C. G., Basnet, R. M., Faasuamalie, P. E., Shallom, S. J., Zelazny, A. M., Gupta, S., & Olivier, K. N. (2022) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00539-22 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and disulfiram (Antabuse®) in Staphylococcus aureus
Chavva, H., Meka, Y., & Long, T. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1092257 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationRepositioning of Disulfiram in Association with Vancomycin Against Enterococcus spp. MDR and XDR
Serafin, M. B., Foletto, V. S., da Rosa, T. F., Bottega, A., Viana, A. R., Franco, L. N., Marion, S., da Mota, A. D., de Paula, B. R., Krause, L. M. F., et al. (2022) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-022-02794-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Song, C., Ma, D., Wang, Y., Shen, S., & Huo, S. (2023) · European Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejoc.202301024 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Benkő, B.-M., De Brito Parreirinha, N. S., Sebe, I., & Zelkó, R. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115441 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bai, Y., Chen, P., Wu, W., Yang, Q. K., Qu, T., Shuai, W., Du, Y., & Jiang, S. (2025) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2025.107569 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Phyto-fabrication of Iron Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Capacity
Mohammed, A. E., AL-Gebaly, A. S., & Elobeid, M. M. (2020) · Current Nanoscience · doi:10.2174/1573413716999200817105934 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bilska‐Wilkosz, A. (2021) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20211522 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chaudhary, D., Marzuki, M., Lee, A., Bouzeyen, R., Singh, A., Gosain, T. P., Kidwai, S., Grady, C. A., Tsotetsi, K., Chawla, K., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.277368 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
N-Organothio β-Lactams Offer New Opportunities for Controlling Pathogenic Bacteria
Turos, E. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14070628 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Theoretical Analysis of Repurposed Drugs Invoking CDFT-Based Descriptors
Saloni, S., Chatterjee, P., Ranjan, P., & Chakraborty, T. (2025) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81728-1_17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Disulfiram and Its Derivatives: An Immortal Phoenix of Drug Repurposing
Omran, Z., & Abdullah, O. (2026) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph19020200 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
THIBAULT, P. K. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.102685 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Use of Natural Bioactive Nutraceuticals in the Management of Tick-Borne Illnesses
Shor, S. M., & Schweig, S. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071759 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Selective Metal Coordination in Antifouling Coatings
Robinson, H. F. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17148887.v1
Selective Metal Coordination in Antifouling Coatings
Robinson, H. F. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17148887
Translational Research on Chagas Disease: Focusing on Drug Combination and Repositioning
Vannier-Santos, M. A., Suarez-Fontes, A. M., Almeida‐Silva, J., Viçosa, A. L., Perez, S. A. C., Hasslocher‐Moreno, A. M., da Silveira, G. P. E., Portela, L. F., & Saraiva, R. M. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104231
Perkins, A. K., Rose, A. L., Grossart, H., Schulz, K. G., Neubauer, D., Tonge, M., Rosentreter, J. A., Eyre, B. D., Rojas-Jiménez, K., Deschaseaux, E. S. M., et al. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4485243
Troshin, K. S., Tarakanov, R. I., Чебаненко, С. И., Ignatov, A. N., & DZHALILOV, F. S.-U. (2024) · Achievements of Science and Technology in Agro-Industrial Complex · doi:10.53859/02352451_2024_38_12_23
Rezk, A., Said, H. S., Elfeky, S. M., El‐Mowafy, M., & Hassan, R. (2026) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-026-13977-w
Sălăvăstru, C., Hernández‐Martín, A., Bulut, S., Fajardo, L. F., Robainas-Barcia, A., & Lajarin-Reinares, M. (2026) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18091172
- Authors
- Long, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Marshall University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Long, Timothy E.
- ORCID
- Long, Timothy E.
- Venue
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6596
- PMC
- PMC5571293
- OpenAlex
- W2730199880
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Keywords
- thiram, disulfiram, multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistance, vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial agents, bacteriostatic activity, combination therapy, drug repurposing, synergistic effect, minimum inhibitory concentration
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Disulfiram, Humans, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Thiram, Vancomycin, Vancomycin Resistance, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
