Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance

Partridge, Sally R.; Kwong, Stephen M.; Firth, Neville; Jensen, Slade O.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00088-17

Cited by 2,751Antibiotic Resistance in BacteriaAntimicrobial Resistance in StaphylococcusBacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance

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Partridge, Sally R., Kwong, Stephen M., Firth, Neville, Jensen, Slade O.·2018·Clinical Microbiology Reviews

DOI 10.1128/cmr.00088-17PMC PMC6148190

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Abstract

Strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics, particularly those that are multiresistant, are an increasing major health care problem around the world. It is now abundantly clear that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are able to meet the evolutionary challenge of combating antimicrobial chemotherapy, often by acquiring preexisting resistance determinants from the bacterial gene pool.

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Some AMR determinants in probiotics reflect intrinsic or species-associated background resistance, whereas others are acquired, horizontally transferable and clinically relevant.
“Some determinants reflect intrinsic or species-associated background resistance, whereas others are acquired, horizontally transferable and clinically relevant.”
From Integrated Phenotypic and Sequencing-Based Resistome Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in a Sample of Commercial Farm-Animal Probiotic Products (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction distinguishes an intrinsic chromosomal resistance gene from resistance genes moved by mobile elements, and the Summary describes acquired determinants spreading through horizontal genetic exchange. The review focuses on major hospital pathogens; these passages do not establish the distinction specifically for probiotics or characterize intrinsic resistance as species-associated background resistance. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The mere presence of an AMR-associated database hit does not necessarily imply public-health risk.
“the mere presence of an AMR-associated database hit does not necessarily imply public-health risk.”
From Integrated Phenotypic and Sequencing-Based Resistome Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in a Sample of Commercial Farm-Animal Probiotic Products (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The ‘Gene Cassettes and Antibiotic Resistance’ passage (page unavailable) distinguishes the most clinically relevant resistance-gene cassettes from others and notes that particular mutations affect whether variants confer resistance. This supports caution about interpreting an AMR-associated hit, but the paper does not directly assess whether a database hit implies public-health risk. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Intrinsic determinants in Enterococcus faecium must be interpreted differently from mobile glycopeptide, oxazolidinone, colistin, ESBL or carbapenemase genes.
“Intrinsic determinants in Enterococcus faecium, for example, must be interpreted differently from mobile glycopeptide, oxazolidinone, colistin, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenemase genes [11,12,13,14].”
From Integrated Phenotypic and Sequencing-Based Resistome Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in a Sample of Commercial Farm-Animal Probiotic Products (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes mobile elements spreading vancomycin-resistance genes in enterococci and a plasmid carrying an oxazolidinone-resistance gene; it also identifies mobile elements associated with ESBL and carbapenemase genes. It does not explain how intrinsic determinants in Enterococcus faecium should be interpreted or explicitly make the claimed comparison. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Mobility, ecological opportunity and recipient compatibility determine whether an ARG becomes a clinically relevant hazard.
“This framework is consistent with the broader horizontal gene transfer (HGT) literature, which emphasizes that mobility, ecological opportunity and recipient compatibility determine whether an ARG becomes a clinically relevant hazard [11,12,16,17].”
From Integrated Phenotypic and Sequencing-Based Resistome Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in a Sample of Commercial Farm-Animal Probiotic Products (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The ESKAPEE species E. hormaechei was detected in 77 food samples with rel. ab. = 0.02%.
“The ESKAPEE species E. hormaechei 107 was detected in 77 food samples with rel. ab. = 0.02% (Figure 6C)”
From Unexplored microbial diversity from 2,500 food metagenomes and links with the human microbiome. (2024) · cites this paper as [107]
The retrieved passages from the Introduction discuss resistance genes and plasmids, while the References list other microbiology studies; neither reports a food-sample survey. Searches for E. hormaechei, 77 food samples, 0.02% relative abundance, and Figure 6C found no passage addressing the claimed result. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Authors: Partridge, S. R., Kwong, S. M., Firth, N., & Jensen, S. O.
Affiliations: The University of Sydney (AU)
Ingham Institute (AU)
ORCID: Partridge, Sally R.
Firth, Neville
Jensen, Slade O.
Venue: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2018-10
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
ISSN: 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
1098-6618
DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00088-17
PMC: PMC6148190
OpenAlex: W2885680427
Cited by: 2,751
References: 527
Citations by year: 2026: 579 · 2025: 452 · 2024: 367 · 2023: 374 · 2022: 352 · 2021: 296 · 2020: 197 · 2019: 116 · 2018: 15 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 13.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Keywords: mobile genetic elements, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance, multidrug resistance, horizontal gene transfer, resistance determinants, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, bacterial evolution
MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Bacterial Infections, DNA Transposable Elements, Biological Evolution, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Drug Resistance, Bacterial

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Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance

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