Cited by 393Genomics and Phylogenetic StudiesChromosomal and Genetic VariationsBacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

The Ecology and Evolution of Pangenomes

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Brockhurst, Michael A., Harrison, Ellie, Hall, James P.J., Richards, Thomas, McNally, Alan, MacLean, Craig·2019·Current Biology

Abstract

Since the first genome-scale comparisons, it has been evident that the genomes of many species are unbound by strict vertical descent: Large differences in gene content can occur among genomes belonging to the same prokaryotic species, with only a fraction of genes being universal to all genomes. These insights gave rise to the pangenome concept. The pangenome is defined as the set of all the genes present in a given species and can be subdivided into the accessory genome, present in only some of the genomes, and the core genome, present in all the genomes. Pangenomes arise due to gene gain by genomes from other species through horizontal gene transfer and differential gene loss among genomes, and have been described in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our current view of pangenome variation is phenomenological and incomplete. In this review, we outline the mechanistic, ecological and evolutionary drivers of and barriers to horizontal gene transfer that are likely to structure pangenomes. We highlight the key role of conflict between the host chromosome(s) and the mobile genetic elements that mediate gene exchange. We identify shortcomings in our current models of pangenome evolution and suggest directions for future research to allow a more complete understanding of how and why pangenomes evolve.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.012

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Authors
Brockhurst, M. A., Harrison, E., Hall, J. P. J., Richards, T., McNally, A., & MacLean, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Sheffield (GB)
  • University of Liverpool (GB)
  • University of Exeter (GB)
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Brockhurst, Michael A.
Venue
Current Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-10
Volume
29
Issue
20
Pages
R1094-R1103
ISSN
0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2982249296
Cited by
385
References
131
Citations by year
2026: 58 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 28
FWCI
3.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Current Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Natural Environment Research Council
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Keywords
pan-genome, accessory genome, core genome, horizontal gene transfer, gene loss, mobile genetic elements, prokaryotic genomes, eukaryotic genomes, gene content variation
MeSH terms
Biological Evolution, Phylogeny, Genome, Bacterial, Evolution, Molecular, Metagenome

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