The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Early Innate Immunity to Bacterial Infection in the Lung Is Regulated Systemically by the Commensal Microbiota via Nod-Like Receptor Ligands
Open accessAbstract
The commensal microbiota is a major regulator of the immune system. The majority of commensal bacteria inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and are known to regulate local mucosal defenses against intestinal pathogens. There is growing appreciation that the commensal microbiota also regulates immune responses at extraintestinal sites. Currently, however, it is unclear how this influences host defenses against bacterial infection outside the intestine. Microbiota depletion caused significant defects in the early innate response to lung infection by the major human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. After microbiota depletion, early clearance of K. pneumoniae was impaired, and this could be rescued by administration of bacterial Nod-like receptor (NLR) ligands (the NOD1 ligand MurNAcTri(DAP) and NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide [MDP]) but not bacterial Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Importantly, NLR ligands from the gastrointestinal, but not upper respiratory, tract rescued host defenses in the lung. Defects in early innate immunity were found to be due to reduced reactive oxygen species-mediated killing of bacteria by alveolar macrophages. These data show that bacterial signals from the intestine have a profound influence on establishing the levels of antibacterial defenses in distal tissues.
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“Experimental data suggest that early exposure to a diverse intestinal microbiome is essential for the development of an intact immune response”
From The microbiome and critical illness (2016) · cites this paper as [158]
In the citing paper
“newborn mice with antibiotic-suppressed microbiota have increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections158”
From The microbiome and critical illness (2016) · cites this paper as [158]
Citations
Cites
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Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable
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The Gut Microbiota Plays a Protective Role in the Host Defence Against Pneumococcal Pneumonia
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Bengoechea, J. A., & Sá‐Pessoa, J. (2018) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuy043 · Cited by 605
Metadata
- Authors
- Clarke, T. B.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Clarke, Thomas B.
- ORCID
- Clarke, Thomas B.
- Venue
- Infection and Immunity
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4596-4606
- ISSN
- 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5522
- PMC
- PMC4249320
- OpenAlex
- W2122379614
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 6.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Infection and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MR/J006874/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- commensal microbiota, innate immunity, pulmonary infection, Klebsiella pneumoniae, NOD1, NOD2, muramyl dipeptide, Toll-like receptor ligands, alveolar macrophages, reactive oxygen species, microbiota depletion
- MeSH terms
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Immunity, Innate, Intestines, Klebsiella Infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Ligands, Lung Diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Symbiosis, Macrophages, Alveolar, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mice, Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins
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