The Iron-Hydrogenase of Thermotoga maritima Utilizes Ferredoxin and NADH Synergistically: a New Perspective on Anaerobic Hydrogen Production

Schut, Gerrit J.; Adams, Michael W. W.

doi:10.1128/jb.01582-08

Cited by 447Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteinsAnaerobic Digestion and Biogas ProductionEnzyme Structure and Function

The Iron-Hydrogenase of Thermotoga maritima Utilizes Ferredoxin and NADH Synergistically: a New Perspective on Anaerobic Hydrogen Production

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Schut, Gerrit J., Adams, Michael W. W.·2009·Journal of Bacteriology

DOI 10.1128/jb.01582-08PMC PMC2698477

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Abstract

The hyperthermophilic and anaerobic bacterium Thermotoga maritima ferments a wide variety of carbohydrates, producing acetate, CO 2 , and H 2 . Glucose is degraded through a classical Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and both NADH and reduced ferredoxin are generated. The oxidation of these electron carriers must be coupled to H 2 production, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. The trimeric [FeFe]-type hydrogenase that was previously purified from T. maritima does not use either reduced ferredoxin or NADH as a sole electron donor. This problem has now been resolved by the demonstration that this hydrogenase requires the presence of both electron carriers for catalysis of H 2 production. The enzyme oxidizes NADH and ferredoxin simultaneously in an approximately 1:1 ratio and in a synergistic fashion to produce H 2 . It is proposed that the enzyme represents a new class of bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase in which the exergonic oxidation of ferredoxin (midpoint potential, −453 mV) is used to drive the unfavorable oxidation of NADH ( E 0 ′ = −320 mV) to produce H 2 ( E 0 ′ = −420 mV). From genome sequence analysis, it is now clear that there are two major types of [FeFe] hydrogenases: the trimeric bifurcating enzyme and the more well-studied monomeric ferredoxin-dependent [FeFe] hydrogenase. Almost one-third of the known H 2 -producing anaerobes appear to contain homologs of the trimeric bifurcating enzyme, although many of them also harbor one or more homologs of the simpler ferredoxin-dependent hydrogenase. The discovery of the bifurcating hydrogenase gives a new perspective on our understanding of the bioenergetics and mechanism of H 2 production and of anaerobic metabolism in general.

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Soluble confurcation processes have already been described, such as those involving multimeric hydrogenases and the NfnAB transhydrogenase.
“Soluble confurcation processes have already been described, such as those involving multimeric hydrogenases (NADH and Fdred as electron donors for H2 production) [196] and the NfnAB transhydrogenase (NADH and Fdred as electron donors for NADP+ reduction) [89,198].”
From Early bioenergetic evolution (2013) · cites this paper as [196]

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Self-citation

Authors: Schut, G. J., & Adams, M. W. W.
Affiliations: University of Georgia (US)
ORCID: Schut, Gerrit J.
Adams, Michael W. W.
Venue: Journal of Bacteriology
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2009-07
Volume: 191
Issue: 13
Pages: 4451-4457
ISSN: 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
1098-5530
DOI: 10.1128/jb.01582-08
PMC: PMC2698477
OpenAlex: W2043953512
Cited by: 447
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 12.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Topics: Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
Keywords: Thermotoga maritima, anaerobic hydrogen production, ferredoxin, NADH, hyperthermophilic bacteria, carbohydrate fermentation, glucose metabolism, glycolysis, bioenergetics, hydrogenase mechanism
MeSH terms: Anaerobiosis, Bacterial Proteins, Ferredoxins, Hydrogen, Hydrogenase, Iron-Sulfur Proteins, Models, Biological, NAD, Genome, Bacterial, Thermotoga maritima

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The Iron-Hydrogenase of Thermotoga maritima Utilizes Ferredoxin and NADH Synergistically: a New Perspective on Anaerobic Hydrogen Production

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