Pathways of assimilation of [13N]N2 and 13NH4+ by cyanobacteria with and without heterocysts
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The principal initial product of metabolism of [13N]N2 and 13NH4+ by five diverse cyanobacteria is glutamine. Methionine sulfoximine inhibits formation of [13N]glutamine except in the case of Gloeothece sp., an organism with a thick sheath through which the inhibitor may not penetrate. Thus, glutamine synthetase appears to catalyze the initial step in the assimilation of N2-derived or exogenous NH4+ by these organisms. [13N]Glutamate is, in all cases, the second major product of assimilation of 13N-labeled N2 and NH4+. In all of the N2-fixing cyanobacteria studied, the fraction of 13N in glutamine declines and that in glutamate increases with increasing times of assimilation of [13N]N2 and 13NH4+, and (Gloeothece again excepted) methionine sulfoximine reduces incorporation of 13N into glutamate as well as into glutamine. Glutamate synthase therefore appears to catalyze the formation of glutamate in a wide range of N2-fixing cyanobacteria. However, the major fraction of [13N]glutamate formed by Anacystis nidulans incubated with 13NH4+ may be formed by glutamic acid dehydrogenase. The formation of [13N]alanine from 13NH4+ appears to be catalyzed principally either by alanine dehydrogenase (as in Cylindrospermum licheniforme) or by a transaminase (as in Anabaena variabilis).
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In cyanobacteria, 2-oxoglutarate is directly involved in N2 fixation via the NH3-assimilating mechanisms GDH and GS-GOGAT.
“In these microorganisms, 2-OG is directly involved in the N2 fixation via the NH3-assimilating mechanisms, GDH (gdhA, EC 1.4.1.14) (Chávez and Candau 1991) and GS-GOGAT route (Meeks et al. 1978).”
From Renewable energy from Cyanobacteria: energy production optimization by metabolic pathway engineering (2011) · cites this paper as Meeks et al. 1978
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Renewable energy from Cyanobacteria: energy production optimization by metabolic pathway engineering
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- Authors
- Meeks, J. C., Wolk, C. P., Lockau, W., Schilling, N., Shaffer, P. W., & Chien, W. S.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- ORCID
- Meeks, J C
- Venue
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1978-04
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 125-130
- ISSN
- 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5530
- PMC
- PMC222226
- OpenAlex
- W1901736959
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 12.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Keywords
- nitrogen assimilation, cyanobacteria, heterocysts, nitrogen fixation, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamine, glutamate, methionine sulfoximine, ammonium assimilation, alanine dehydrogenase, transaminases, Anabaena variabilis, Anacystis nidulans, Gloeothece, nitrogenase
- MeSH terms
- Alanine, Cyanobacteria, Ammonia, Citrulline, Glutamates, Glutamine, Methionine Sulfoximine, Nitrogen Fixation, Species Specificity
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