Recombination and selection in the evolution of picornaviruses and other mammalian positive-stranded rna viruses
Open accessAbstract
Picornaviridae are a large virus family causing widespread, often pathogenic infections in humans and other mammals. Picornaviruses are genetically and antigenically highly diverse, with evidence for complex evolutionary histories in which recombination plays a major part. To investigate the nature of recombination and selection processes underlying the evolution of serotypes within different picornavirus genera, large-scale analysis of recombination frequencies and sites, segregation by serotype within each genus, and sequence selection and composition was performed, and results were compared with those for other nonenveloped positive-stranded viruses (astroviruses and human noroviruses) and with flavivirus and alphavirus control groups. Enteroviruses, aphthoviruses, and teschoviruses showed phylogenetic segregation by serotype only in the structural region; lack of segregation elsewhere was attributable to extensive interserotype recombination. Nonsegregating viruses also showed several characteristic sequence divergence and composition differences between genome regions that were absent from segregating virus control groups, such as much greater amino acid sequence divergence in the structural region, markedly elevated ratios of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitutions, and differences in codon usage. These properties were shared with other picornavirus genera, such as the parechoviruses and erboviruses. The nonenveloped astroviruses and noroviruses similarly showed high frequencies of recombination, evidence for positive selection, and differential codon use in the capsid region, implying similar underlying evolutionary mechanisms and pressures driving serotype differentiation. This process was distinct from more-recent sequence evolution generating diversity within picornavirus serotypes, in which neutral or purifying selection was prominent. Overall, this study identifies common themes in the diversification process generating picornavirus serotypes that contribute to understanding of their evolution and pathogenicity.
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Recombination between viral RNA genomes is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses.
“Recombination between viral RNA genomes is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses [28–31].”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
Recombination mostly occurs between members of the same species, and most often outside of the capsid encoding region.
“Recombination mostly occurs between members of the same species, and most often outside of the capsid encoding region [31,41].”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
The enterovirus capsid, rarely subject to recombination, appears as the main viral structure that determines virus types.
“The enterovirus capsid, rarely subject to recombination [31], appears as the main viral structure that determines virus types.”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Simmonds, P.
- Affiliations
- Virus Evolution Group, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, United Kingdom
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 11124-11140
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC1642140
- OpenAlex
- W2161400257
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Keywords
- recombination, positive selection, serotype differentiation, enterovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, codon usage, dN/dS ratio
- MeSH terms
- Mamastrovirus, Phylogeny, Picornaviridae, Recombination, Genetic, RNA, Viral, Selection, Genetic, Genome, Viral, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Norovirus
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