Cited by 164Tuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyImmune responses and vaccinationsInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis Vaccines and Prevention of Infection

Open access
Hawn, Thomas R., Day, Tracey A., Scriba, Thomas J., Hatherill, Mark, Hanekom, Willem A., Evans, Thomas G., Churchyard, Gavin J., Kublin, James G. +2 more·2014·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

Abstract

SUMMARY: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide despite the availability of effective chemotherapy for over 60 years. Although Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination protects against active TB disease in some populations, its efficacy is suboptimal. Development of an effective TB vaccine is a top global priority that has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of protective immunity to TB. Thus far, preventing TB disease, rather than infection, has been the primary target for vaccine development. Several areas of research highlight the importance of including preinfection vaccines in the development pipeline. First, epidemiology and mathematical modeling studies indicate that a preinfection vaccine would have a high population-level impact for control of TB disease. Second, immunology studies support the rationale for targeting prevention of infection, with evidence that host responses may be more effective during acute infection than during chronic infection. Third, natural history studies indicate that resistance to TB infection occurs in a small percentage of the population. Fourth, case-control studies of BCG indicate that it may provide protection from infection. Fifth, prevention-of-infection trials would have smaller sample sizes and a shorter duration than disease prevention trials and would enable opportunities to search for correlates of immunity as well as serve as a criterion for selecting a vaccine product for testing in a larger TB disease prevention trial. Together, these points support expanding the focus of TB vaccine development efforts to include prevention of infection as a primary goal along with vaccines or other interventions that reduce the rate of transmission and reactivation.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/mmbr.00021-14

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208 of 208 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • BCG is the sole approved TB vaccine and offers only limited protection.

    “Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which was introduced in 1921, is the sole approved TB vaccine, but it offers only limited protection 132 .”

    From Nanotechnology approaches for global infectious diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [132]

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Authors
Hawn, T. R., Day, T. A., Scriba, T. J., Hatherill, M., Hanekom, W. A., Evans, T. G., Churchyard, G. J., Kublin, J. G., Bekker, L.-G., & Self, S. G.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
  • University of Cape Town (ZA)
  • Gates Foundation (US)
  • Aeras (US)
  • University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
Venue
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Published
2014-12
Volume
78
Issue
4
Pages
650-671
ISSN
  • 1092-2172 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5557
OpenAlex
W2137780892
Cited by
164
References
209
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 6
FWCI
2.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (84323)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UM1AI068614, UM1AI068635)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords
tuberculosis vaccine development, BCG vaccine, protective immunity, natural resistance to infection, correlates of immunity, tuberculosis transmission, tuberculosis reactivation, tuberculosis epidemiology
MeSH terms
Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Vaccination, HIV Infections, Models, Animal, Tuberculosis Vaccines, Coinfection

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