Abundance of Bifidobacterium species in the infant gut microbiota and associations with maternal-infant characteristics in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Open accessAbstract
The early infant gut microbiota is generally dominated by bifidobacteria, but there is substantial variation at the (sub)species level. Patterns of postnatal Bifidobacterium subspecies colonization in low- or middle-income countries have not been widely studied. We used (sub)species-specific qPCR to quantify B. infantis ( n = 1132) , B. longum ( n = 364), and B. breve ( n = 399) in stool samples from infants (0–6 months of age) in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. B. infantis absolute abundance started low at birth but increased in the first two months, whereas B. longum and B. breve abundances remained comparatively low. B. infantis emerged earlier in infants delivered by C-section, but by ~2 months of age, infants delivered by C-section or vaginally had similar B. infantis absolute abundances. Infant antibiotic exposure (ever vs. never), human milk feeding patterns (exclusive, predominant, and partial), and detection of maternal stool B. infantis were not associated with infant B. infantis . In settings where B. infantis is widespread, its patterns of postnatal colonization can be used to inform the design of targeted microbiota-modifying interventions in infancy. IMPORTANCE: Bifidobacteria are considered to be an important member of the early infant gut microbiota, but several factors may influence the timing of their emergence and overall abundance. Moreover, bifidobacteria abundance varies considerably between different species and subspecies, underscoring the importance of techniques that enable sub-speciation. B. longum subspecies infantis ( B. infantis ) is thought to have several health-promoting properties, and despite growing interest in the use of B. infantis to promote health (e.g., probiotics), relatively few studies have explored its natural patterns of colonization, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. By applying (sub)species-specific qPCR, we precisely tracked the timing of emergence, longitudinal abundance patterns, and ecological dynamics of B. infantis , B. longum , and B. breve in the postnatal period, which provided new insights to inform the design of targeted microbiota-modifying interventions in early infancy.
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B. bifidum is characteristic of the bifidobacterial communities residing in the infant gut and contributes to early microbial colonization, alongside B. breve.
“B. bifidum is characteristic of the bifidobacterial communities residing in the infant gut and contributes to early microbial colonization, alongside Bifidobacterium breve [6-10] .”
From Genome-scale insights into the metabolic landscape and evolutionary development of Bifidobacterium bifidum (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says bifidobacteria generally colonize the infant gut, and the Discussion (page unavailable) describes B. breve in infants during the first six months. But the paper studies B. infantis, B. longum, and B. breve; the passages do not establish that B. bifidum is characteristic of infant gut communities or contributes to early colonization. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Freitas, A. C., Li, G., Shawon, J., Qamar, H., Pell, L. G., Kabir, M., Oduaran, O. H., Puebla-Barragan, S., Bassani, D. G., O'Callaghan, K. M., Onuora, J. C., Loutet, M. G., Heasley, C., Starke, C. W. E., Mahmud, A. A., Hamer, D. H., Pullenayegum, E., Hossain, M. I., Siddiqui, M. M., Islam, M. S., Sherman, P. M., Shah, P. S., Gaffar, S. M. A., Sultana, S., Morris, S. K., Ahmed, T., Haque, R., Sarker, S. A., & Roth, D. E.
- Affiliations
- Great Ormond Street Hospital (GB)
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London
- Boston University (US)
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research
- Mohammadpur Fertility Services and Training Centre
- Child Health Research Foundation (BD)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research
- Corresponding author
- Roth, Daniel E.
- ORCID
- Freitas, Aline C.
- Li, Grace
- Shawon, Jakaria
- Qamar, Huma
- Pell, Lisa G.
- Kabir, Mamun
- Oduaran, Ovokeraye H.
- Puebla-Barragan, Scarlett
- Bassani, Diego G.
- Onuora, Jennifer C.
- Loutet, Miranda G.
- Heasley, Cole
- Starke, Cody W. E.
- Hamer, Davidson H.
- Pullenayegum, Eleanor
- Siddiqui, Md Muniruzzaman
- Islam, Mohammad Shahidul
- Sherman, Philip M.
- Shah, Prakesh S.
- Gaffar, S. M. Abdul
- Sultana, Shamima
- Morris, Shaun K.
- Ahmed, Tahmeed
- Sarker, Shafiqul Alam
- Roth, Daniel E.
- Venue
- mSphere
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2025-10-29
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e0031425-e0031425
- ISSN
- 2379-5042 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12570478
- OpenAlex
- W4414168152
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- mSphere (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-007389, GR-02268)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, infant gut microbiota, cesarean section, human milk feeding, antibiotic exposure, low- and middle-income countries, Dhaka
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Bangladesh, Bifidobacterium, Feces, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male
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