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Improving the transition between paediatric and adult healthcare: a systematic review
Abstract
Introduction The transition between paediatric and adult care for young people with chronic illness or disability is often poorly managed, with adverse consequences for health. Although many agree that adolescent services need to be improved, there is little empirical data on which policies can be based. Objectives To systematically review the evidence of effectiveness of transitional care programmes in young people aged 11-25 with chronic illness (physical or mental) or disability, and identify their successful components. Design A systematic literature review in July 2010 of studies which consistently evaluated health outcomes following transition programmes, either by comparison with a control group or by measurement pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, six of which showed statistically significant improvements in outcomes. Descriptive analysis identified three broad categories of intervention, directed at: the patient (educational programmes, skills training); staffing (named transition co-ordinators, joint clinics run by paediatric and adult physicians); and service delivery (separate young adult clinics, out of hours phone support, enhanced follow-up). The conditions involved varied (eg, cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus), and outcome measures varied accordingly. All six interventions that resulted in significant improvements were in studies of patients with diabetes mellitus, with glycosylated haemoglobin level, acute…
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“A systematic review of the literature on the transfer of care among different chronic diseases suggested that the most commonly used strategies in successful programmes were patient education and specific transition clinics jointly staffed by paediatric and adult physicians or dedicated young adult clinics within adult services (156).”
From ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease. (2022) · cites this paper as [156]
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“Two reviews evaluating transition interventions have determined that structured transition interventions, patient education programs, and joint pediatric-adult or specific young adult clinics can improve transition outcomes as measured after transfer of care (5,6).”
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“Other staff based interventions, such as having named transition co-ordinators, have shown to improve patient outcomes in a number of research studies and service evaluations (Cadario et al, 2009; Crowley et al., 2011; CQC, 2014; Lewis and Slobovor, 2015).”
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Exploring six successful nurse-led transition clinics: Experiences and outcomes
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“25 30 Nevertheless, detailed knowledge about the specific operations, structure, and valued elements of TCs remains limited.”
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“There is evidence to support the concept of a young adult clinic for 16–25 year olds as having better outcomes than the more traditional combined clinic with adult and paediatric rheumatology teams in the same consultation [30].”
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“In general, these articles tend to discuss practicebased interventions, such as joint pediatric/adult clinics, transition navigators, dedicated transition clinics, education programs, skills training and out-of-hours phone support (14).”
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“Crowley et al. (2011) emphasized patient, staff, and service aspects of transition programs that encompass cooperative efforts from pediatric and adult health care teams.”
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“Reviews of programs show that transition coordinators and ways to work across processes have improved clinical outcomes [3,19].”
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“A cultural shift in staff attitudes and effective transition programs are required [17].”
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“A service delivery recommendation, consistent with previous research, supports a period of blended practice (Betz, 2018a, Crowley et al., 2011, Kyrana et al., 2016, Van Staa et al., 2011, Young et al., 2009).”
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“Evidence regarding the support on social level Fifty percent of the included reviews reported the involvement of someone who is keyed into community services [4, 6, 19, 22, 23, 26, 28, 30] and can act as an advocate for AYAs [21–25, 30].”
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“However, the transition from pediatric care to adult care is often a challenging time for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with chronic medical conditions and their healthcare providers [2].”
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“Patient RTQ self-scores 19 (15, 36) 30 (24, 37) .”
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“HCT is especially crucial for the health and wellbeing of HIV-infected young women including maintaining a low viral load and adhering to ART medication, all factors important reduce vertical transmission (Crowley et al. 2011).”
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“This contributes to a greater sense of security, patient satisfaction, quality of life and adherence to self-care.(2,6) In addition, qualitative research has shown that a successful transition also depends on the relationship between the adolescent and the provider.”
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“The justification for maintaining and improving transition are the value in improving patient care [1].”
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“Broader cross-condition reviews are available and offer helpful context [36–39].”
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“This uncertainty around the optimal time for children to assume responsibility is compounded by studies highlighting adolescents' difficulties engaging in self‐management, resulting in adverse consequences for their health.(13) Additionally, the conflation between children's age and competency and the tendency of HCPs…”
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Accompagner la transition des jeunes avec une maladie chronique
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“And particularly in the case of rare diseases, tailored offers are presently lacking in the framework of transition care [38, 39].”
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Affdal, A., Moutard, M., de Villemeur, T., Duchange, N., Hervé, C., & Moutel, G. (2015) · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2015.01.014 · Cited by 7
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Transfer and Transition in Congenital Heart Disease
Goossens, E., Kovacs, A. H., Mackie, A. S., & Moons, P. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4619-3_190 · Cited by 5
Pavavimol, T., Ometov, A., Valkama, M., & Thibault, M. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences · doi:10.1145/3706370.3727858 · Cited by 7
“Its notion is derived from the health literature, aiming to explore efficient healthcare services (e.g., [16], [25]) and identify the role of healthcare professions, individuals, and family members in promoting a safe transitional process (e.g., [71], [10]).”
Demirbaş, K. C., Saygılı, S., Yılmaz, E. K., Gülmez, R., Ağbaş, A., Taşdemir, M. S., & Canpolat, N. (2025) · Pediatric Transplantation · doi:10.1111/petr.70068 · Cited by 6
Exploring the transition experiences of young adults with cerebral palsy
Clough, I. M., Culnane, E., & Loftus, H. (2023) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.13186 · Cited by 8
Prasad, M., Batthish, M., Beattie, K., & Berard, R. (2023) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-023-05337-y · Cited by 6
Champion, J., Crawford, M., & Jaaniste, T. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10020357 · Cited by 6
“These programs strive to help youth with the challenges of managing their health care during a unique developmental period, whilst also navigating the changes from a pediatric to adult health care system [13,35].”
BackgroundType 1 Diabetes Patient Experiences Before and After Transfer from a Paediatric to an Adult Hospital
Flor, M. V., Jansà, M., Yoldi-Vergara, C., Cardona‐Hernandez, R., Álvarez, M. G., Conget, I., & Pera, P. I. (2022) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s363081 · Cited by 8
“Nonetheless, similar to the results of previous studies, some youths felt limited by diabetes and having to maintain some stigmatizing situations such as injecting insulin or performing controls in public places.(7,49,50) The problems that the youths interviewed had before and after transferring to the adult hospital…”
ResultHiremath, G. S., Chapa‐Rodríguez, A., Katzka, D. A., Spergel, J. M., Gold, B. D., Bredenoord, A. J., Dellon, E. S., Huang, J. S., & Gupta, S. K. (2022) · Translational Science of Rare Diseases · doi:10.3233/trd-220054 · Cited by 8
Shulman, R. M., Cohen, E., Benchimol, E. I., & Nakhla, M. M. (2020) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s256846 · Cited by 6
Validation of the Healthcare Transition Outcomes Inventory for Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Pierce, J. S., Hossain, J., & Gannon, A. W. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa051 · Cited by 11
Improvement of Electronic Health Record Integrated Transition Planning Tools in Primary Care
Rusley, J. C., Tomaszewski, K., Kim, J., Robinson, L., Rose, K.-A., Aronin, C., Molloy, M. J., & Arrington‐Sanders, R. (2020) · Pediatric Quality and Safety · doi:10.1097/pq9.0000000000000282 · Cited by 5
Patients' association programs for adolescents and young adults: The JAP study.
Beaufils, C., Jacquin, P., Dumas, A., Limbourg, A., Romier, M., Larbre, J., Mellerio, H., & Belot, A. (2019) · Archives de pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2019.03.006 · Cited by 6
Pollak, E., Kapusta, N. D., Diehm, R., Plener, P. L., & Skala, K. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000559 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Crowley, R., Wolfe, I., Lock, K., & McKee, M.
- Affiliations
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wolfe, I
- Venue
- Archives of Disease in Childhood
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2011-03-08
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 548-553
- ISSN
- 0003-9888 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2044
- OpenAlex
- W2121649468
- Cited by
- 649
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 7.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Disease in Childhood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
- Keywords
- care transitions, chronic disease, disability, youth, diabetes mellitus, patient education, glycosylated haemoglobin, health outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Chronic Disease, Continuity of Patient Care, Delivery of Health Care, Health Services Research, Humans, Patient Education as Topic, Adolescent Health Services, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Young Adult
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