Cited by 2,213Sodium Intake and HealthBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesRenin-Angiotensin System Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.

Open access

Scally, Gabriel·1988·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319PMC PMC1834069

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The relations between 24 hour urinary electrolyte excretion and blood pressure were studied in 10,079 men and women aged 20-59 sampled from 52 centres around the world based on a highly standardised protocol with central training of observers, a central laboratory, and extensive quality control. Relations between electrolyte excretion and blood pressure were studied in individual subjects within each centre and the results of these regression analyses pooled for all 52 centres. Relations between population median electrolyte values and population blood pressure values were also analysed across the 52 centres. Sodium excretion ranged from 0.2 mmol/24 h (Yanomamo Indians, Brazil) to 242 mmol/24 h (north China). In individual subjects (within centres) it was significantly related to blood pressure. Four centres found very low sodium excretion, low blood pressure, and little or no upward slope of blood pressure with age. Across the other 48 centres sodium was significantly related to the slope of blood pressure with age but not to median blood pressure or prevalence of high blood pressure. Potassium excretion was negatively correlated with blood pressure in individual subjects after adjustment for confounding variables. Across centres there was no consistent association. The relation of sodium to potassium ratio to blood pressure followed a pattern similar to that of sodium. Body mass index and heavy alcohol intake had strong, significant independent relations with blood pressure in individual subjects.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319

Cites

19 of 19 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease.
Rose, G. (1981) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.282.6279.1847 · Cited by 1,302
Overweight and Hypertension
Chiang, B. N., Perlman, L. V., & Epstein, F. H. (1969) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.39.3.403 · Cited by 580
Salt, volume and the prevention of hypertension.
Freis, E. D. (1976) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.53.4.589 · Cited by 480
A RANDOM-ZERO SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Weight, B. M., & Doré, C. F. (1970) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90709-9 · Cited by 322
Determination of Calcium in Urine and Serum by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
Trudeau, D. L., & Freier, E. F. (1967) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/13.2.101 · Cited by 304
Blood pressure and dietary salt in human populations
Gleibermann, L. (1973) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670244.1973.9990329 · Cited by 261
The association between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in children.
Cooper, R., Soltero, I., Liu, K., Berkson, D. M., Levinson, S., & Stamler, J. (1980) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.62.1.97 · Cited by 120
Salt and Hypertension: A Sceptical Review of the Evidence
Simpson, F. O. (1979) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs057463s · Cited by 109
Cardiovascular disease in the tropics. 3. Blood pressure and hypertension.
Shaper, A. G. (1972) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5830.805 · Cited by 71
Blood pressure and associated factors in a rural Kenyan community.
Poulter, N. R., Khaw, K., Hopwood, B. E., Mugambi, M., Peart, W. S., Rose, G., & Sever, P. S. (1984) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.6.6.810 · Cited by 70

Show all 19 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

Elliott P, Forrest RD, Jackson CA, Yudkin IS. Sodium and blood pressure: positive associations in a north London population with consideration of the methodological problems of within-population surveys. J7ournal of Human Hliperiensioln (in press).
Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure? BrMed,7 1986;293:27-9.
Dahl L. Possible role of salt intake in the development of hypertension. In: Cottier P, Bock KD, eds. Essential hypertension-an international symposium. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1960:53-65.
Froment A, Milon H, Gravier C. Relationship of sodium intake and arterial hypertension. Contribution of geographical epidemiology. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1979;27:437-54.
Joossens JV. Relation entre l'epidemiologie des accidents cerebrovasculaires et celle du cancer de l'estomac. Evolution Medicale 1968;234:381-5.
Elliott 1P, Stamler R. Manual of operations for INTERSALT. Controlled Clin Trials 1988;9:1-118S.
Wright BM, Dore CF. A randoni zero sphygmomanometer. Lancet 1970;i: 337-8.
American Association of Clinical Chemists. Standard methods of clinical chemisov. Vol 3. New York: Academic Press, 1961.
Jaffe M. Uber den Niederschlag welchen Pikrinsaure in normalen Harn erzeugt und uber eine neue Reaction des Kreatinins. Zeitschrift fur Ph-siologische Chemie 1886;10: 391-400.
Fleiss JL. The design and analysts ofclinical expertments. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1986:1-32.
Kaelber CT, Barboriak J, guest eds. Symposium on alcohol and cardiovascular diseases. Circulatltion 1981;64(suppl III):III 1-84.

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,002

The Reduction of Salt in Different Cheese Categories: Recent Advances and Future Challenges
Tidona, F., Zago, M., Carminati, D., & Giraffa, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.859694 · Cited by 27
Épidémiologie de la lithiase urinaire en Belgique sur base d’une classification morpho-constitutionnelle
Castiglione, V., Jouret, F., Bruyère, O., Dubois, B., Thomas, A., Waltregny, D., Bekaert, A.-C., Cavalier, E., & Gadisseur, R. (2014) · Néphrologie & Thérapeutique · doi:10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.003 · Cited by 27
Evidence Relating Sodium Intake to Blood Pressure and CVD
O'Donnell, M. J., Mente, A., & Yusuf, S. (2014) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-014-0529-9 · Cited by 29
A Pilot Study to Validate a Standardized One-Week Salt Estimation Method Evaluating Salt Intake and Its Sources for Family Members in China
Zhang, L., Zhao, F., Zhang, P., Gao, J., Liu, C., He, F. J., & Lin, C.-P. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7020751 · Cited by 27
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Resistant Hypertension: The Role of Aldosterone and Amiloride-Sensitive Sodium Channels
Judd, E. K., Calhoun, D. A., & Warnock, D. G. (2014) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.08.007 · Cited by 27
Contrasting endocrine responses to acute oral compared with intravenous sodium loading in normal humans
Singer, D. R. J., Markandu, N. D., Buckley, M. G., Miller, M. A., Sagnella, G. A., & MacGregor, G. A. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1998.274.1.f111 · Cited by 27
The association of estimated salt intake with blood pressure in a Viet Nam national survey
Jensen, P. N., Bao, T. Q., Huong, T. T. T., Heckbert, S. R., Fitzpatrick, A. L., LoGerfo, J. P., Ngoc, T. L. V., & Mokdad, A. H. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191437 · Cited by 27
Methodology of sodium sensitivity assessment. The example of age and sex.
Grobbee, D. E. (1991) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.17.1_suppl.i109 · Cited by 27
Alcohol use and blood pressure in an unacculturated society.
Klag, M. J., He, J., Whelton, P. K., Chen, J. Y., Qian, M.-C., & He, G. Q. (1993) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.22.3.365 · Cited by 27
Corcoran lecture: the case for or against salt in hypertension. Arthur Curtis Corcoran, MD (1909-1965). Tribute and prelude to Corcoran Lecture of 1988.
Dustan, H. P., & Kirk, K. A. (1989) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.13.6.696 · Cited by 27
Guidelines for Hypertension in the Elderly. 1999 Revised Version.
Hiwada, K., Ogihara, T., Matsumoto, M., Matsuoka, H., Takishita, S., Shimamoto, K., Toba, K., Abe, I., Kohara, K., Morimoto, S., et al. (1999) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.22.231 · Cited by 27
Estimating 24-Hour Urine Sodium Level with Spot Urine Sodium and Creatinine
Koo, H., Kim, Y. C., Ahn, S. Y., Oh, S. W., Kim, S., Chin, H. J., & Park, J. H. (2014) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2014.29.s2.s97 · Cited by 27
Oxidative Stress-Induced Glomerular Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation Limits the Benefit of Salt Reduction in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Kitada, K., Nakano, D., Liu, Y., Fujisawa, Y., Hitomi, H., Shibayama, Y., Shibata, H., Nagai, Y., Mori, H., Masaki, T., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041896 · Cited by 26
Feasibility of collecting 24-h urine to monitor sodium intake in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Terry, A. L., Cogswell, M. E., Wang, C., Chen, T., Loria, C. M., Wright, J. D., Zhang, X., Lacher, D. A., Merritt, R. K., & Bowman, B. A. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.121954 · Cited by 26
Protocol for a prospective longitudinal study of risk factors for hypertension incidence in a Mexico City population: the Tlalpan 2020 cohort
Colin-Ramírez, E., Rivera-Mancía, S., Infante, Ó., Cartas-Rosado, R., Vargas‐Barrón, J., Madero, M., & Vallejo, M. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016773 · Cited by 26
Arterial hypertension in childhood
Salgado, C. M., & Carvalhaes, J. T. A. (2003) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.2223/jped.1006 · Cited by 26
Estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study from the China National Nutrition Survey
Liu, Z., Man, Q., Li, Y., Yang, X., Ding, G., Zhang, J., & Zhao, W. (2023) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.09.005 · Cited by 26
Salt taste sensitivity threshold and exercise-induced hypertension
Rabin, M., Poli‐de‐Figueiredo, C. E., Wagner, M. B., & Antonello, I. C. F. (2009) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.007 · Cited by 26
Masked hypertension in renal transplant recipients
Kayrak, M., Gül, E. E., Kaya, C., Solak, Y., Türkmen, K., Yazıcı, R., Güney, İ., Altıntepe, L., Türk, S., & Özdemir, K. (2013) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.3109/08037051.2013.796688 · Cited by 27
Dietary Intake of Key Nutrients and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Australasia
Shiue, I., Arima, H., Hankey, G. J., Anderson, C. S., & for the ACROSS Group (2011) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000324386 · Cited by 26
Effects of high sodium intake diet on the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine on rat isolated caudal and renal vascular beds: Endothelial modulation
dos SANTOS, L., Gonçalves, M. V., Vassallo, D. V., de Oliveira, E. M., & Rossoni, L. V. (2005) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.028 · Cited by 26
Serum aldosterone changes during hyperinsulinemia are correlated to body mass index and insulin sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension
Haenni, A., Reneland, R., Lind, L., & Lithell, H. (2001) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200101000-00014 · Cited by 26
Reducing overweight and obesity: closing the gap between primary care and public health
Anderson, P. (2008) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmn060 · Cited by 26
Dietary sodium: the dark horse amongst cardiovascular and renal risk factors
Mimran, A., & du Cailar, G. (2008) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn160 · Cited by 26
Mineralocorticoid receptor activation contributes to salt-induced hypertension and renal injury in prepubertal Dahl salt-sensitive rats
Kawarazaki, H., Ando, K., Nagae, A., Fujita, M., Matsui, H., & Fujita, T. (2010) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfq197 · Cited by 26
Clinical and Epidemiological Implications of 24‐Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for the Diagnosis of Hypertension in Kenyan Adults: A Population‐Based Study
Etyang, A. O., Warne, B., Kapesa, S., Munge, K., Bauni, E., Cruickshank, J. K., Smeeth, L. L., & Scott, J. A. G. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.004797 · Cited by 26
Within-country variation of salt intake assessed via urinary excretion in Japan: a multilevel analysis in all 47 prefectures
Uechi, K., Asakura, K., Masayasu, S., & Sasaki, S. (2017) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2016.185 · Cited by 26
Fasting Blood Glucose Predicts Incidence of Hypertension Independent of HbA1c Levels and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Japanese: The Saku Study
Tatsumi, Y., Morimoto, A., Asayama, K., Sonoda, N., Miyamatsu, N., Ohno, Y., Miyamoto, Y., Izawa, S., & Ohkubo, T. (2019) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz123 · Cited by 26
Spot Urine Formulas to Estimate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Alter the Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure Relationship
Naser, A. M., He, F. J., Rahman, M. M., & Campbell, N. R. C. (2021) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16651 · Cited by 26
Dietary salt intake: sources and targets for reduction
Angus, F. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845693046.1.3 · Cited by 26
Genetic epidemiology of hypertension: an update on the African diaspora.
Daniel, H. I., & Rotimi, C. N. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 26
Blood pressure and sodium intake from snacks in adolescents
Ponzo, V., Ganzit, G. P., Soldati, L., Carli, L. D., Fanzola, I., Maiandi, M., Durazzo, M., & Bo, S. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.9 · Cited by 26
Validity of a Self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire in the 5-year Follow-up Survey of the JPHC Study Cohort I to Assess Sodium and Potassium Intake: Comparison with Dietary Records and 24-hour Urinary Excretion Level
Sasaki, S., Ishihara, J., & Tsugane, S. (2003) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.13.1sup_102 · Cited by 26
Hypertension prevalence and age-related changes of blood-pressure in semi-nomadic and urban Oromos of Ethiopia
Pauletto, P., Caroli, M., Pessina, A. C., & Palù, C. D. (1994) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf01730365 · Cited by 26
Bread as a source of salt: an international comparison.
Joossens, J. V., Sasaki, S., & Kesteloot, H. (1994) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718392 · Cited by 26
Salt Fluoridation and General Health
Bergmann, K. E., & Bergmann, R. L. (1995) · Advances in Dental Research · doi:10.1177/08959374950090021401 · Cited by 26
Salt sensitivity: Concept and pathogenesis
González-Albarrán, O., Ruilope, L. M., Villa, E., & Robles, R. G. (1998) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(98)00018-7 · Cited by 26
Factors affecting the validity of the standard blood pressure cuff,
Stolt, M., Sjönell, G., Åström, H., & Hansson, L. (1993) · Clinical Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.1993.tb00476.x · Cited by 26
Baseline characteristics of participants in phase II of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP II)
Appel, L. J., Hebert, P. R., Cohen, J. D., Obarzanek, E., Yamamoto, M. E., Buring, J. E., Stevens, V. J., Kirchner, K. A., & Borhani, N. O. (1995) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)00059-3 · Cited by 26
Association of macronutrients and energy intake with hypertension.
Preuss, H. G., Gondal, J. A., & Lieberman, S. (1996) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1996.10718561 · Cited by 26
The Canadian Consensus Report on Non-Pharmacological Approaches to the Management of High Blood Pressure
FODOR, J. G., & Chockalingam, A. (1990) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641969009073495 · Cited by 26
Control y prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en el mundo
Vintró, I. B. (2004) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/s0300-8932(04)77138-9 · Cited by 26
Blood Pressure Control Should Focus on More Potassium: Controversies in Hypertension
Chan, R., Parikh, N., Ahmed, S., Ruzicka, M., & Hiremath, S. S. (2023) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20545 · Cited by 29
Relationships between urinary electrolytes excretion and central hemodynamics, and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients
Han, W., Han, X., Sun, N., Chen, Y., Jiang, S.-L., & Li, M. (2017) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2017.29 · Cited by 25
Associations of Usual 24-Hour Sodium and Potassium Intakes with Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension among Adults in China’s Shandong and Jiangsu Provinces
Xu, J., Chen, X., Ge, Z., Liang, H., Yan, L., Guo, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., & Ma, J. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000475486 · Cited by 25
Historical perspectives on prevention paradox: When the population moves as a whole
Raza, S. A., Salemi, J. L., & Zoorob, R. (2018) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_275_18 · Cited by 25
Effect of Dietary Nori (Dried Laver) on Blood Pressure in Young Japanese Children: An Intervention Study
Wada, K., Tsuji, M., Nakamura, K., Oba, S., Nishizawa, S., Yamamoto, K., Watanabe, K., Ando, K., & Nagata, C. (2020) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20190176 · Cited by 25
Trends in Sodium Intake in Children and Adolescents in the US and the Impact of US Department of Agriculture Guidelines: NHANES 2003-2016
Brouillard, A. M., Deych, E., Canter, C. E., & Rich, M. W. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.048 · Cited by 25
Prevalence of hypertensive diseases and treated hypertensive patients in Japan: A nationwide administrative claims database study
Waki, T., Miura, K., Tanaka‐Mizuno, S., Ohya, Y., Node, K., Itoh, H., Rakugi, H., Sato, J., Goda, K., Kitsuregawa, M., et al. (2022) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-022-00924-1 · Cited by 25
Overtime Work and Blood Pressure in Normotensive Japanese Male Workers
Nakamura, K., Sakurai, M., Morikawa, Y., Miura, K., Ishizaki, M., Kido, T., Naruse, Y., Suwazono, Y., & Nakagawa, H. (2012) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.37 · Cited by 25
Differential associations of dietary sodium and potassium intake with blood pressure: a focus on pulse pressure
Buyck, J.-F., Blacher, J., Kesse‐Guyot, E., Castetbon, K., Galan, P., Safar, M. E., Herçberg, S., & Czernichow, S. (2009) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328329bc08 · Cited by 25
Opinion: Can Chronic Volume Overload Be Recognized and Prevented in Hemodialysis Patients?
Chazot, C. (2009) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.2009.00642.x · Cited by 25
Differential effects of dietary sodium intake on blood pressure and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice
Lu, H. S., Wu, C., Howatt, D. A., Balakrishnan, A., Charnigo, R. J., Cassis, L. A., & Daugherty, A. (2012) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.001 · Cited by 25
The Role of Transforming Growth Factor β1 in the Regulation of Blood Pressure
Matsuki, K., Hathaway, C. K., Lawrence, M., Smithies, O., & Kakoki, M. (2015) · Current Hypertension Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340211004150319123313 · Cited by 26
Blood Pressure in Relation to Interactions Between Sodium Dietary Intake and Renal Handling
Zou, J., Li, Y., Yan, C., Wei, F., Zhang, L., & Wang, J. (2013) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00776 · Cited by 25
Dietary sources and sodium intake in a sample of Australian preschool children
O’Halloran, S., Grimes, C. A., Lacy, K. E., Nowson, C. A., & Campbell, K. J. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008698 · Cited by 25
Differences in the association between high blood pressure and cognitive functioning among the general Japanese population aged 70 and 80 years: The SONIC study
Ryuno, H., Kamide, K., Gondo, Y., Nakama, C., Oguro, R., Kabayama, M., Kawai, T., Kusunoki, H., Yokoyama, S., Imaizumi, Y., et al. (2016) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2016.25 · Cited by 25
Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Tracks the Changes in Salt Intake during an Experimental Feeding Study Using Standardized Low-Salt and High-Salt Meals among Healthy Japanese Volunteers
Yatabe, M., Iwahori, T., Watanabe, A., Takano, K., Sanada, H., Watanabe, T., Ichihara, A., Felder, R. A., Miura, K., Ueshima, H., et al. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9090951 · Cited by 25
Assessment of Dietary Sodium and Potassium in Canadians Using 24-Hour Urinary Collection
Mente, A., Dagenais, G. R., Wielgosz, A. T., Lear, S. A., McQueen, M., Zeidler, J. G., Fu, L., DeJesus, J., Rangarajan, S., Bourlaud, A.-S., et al. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.020 · Cited by 27
Blood pressure and age in cross-cultural perspective.
Stevenson, D. R. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 25
Salt excretion in normotensive individuals with metabolic syndrome: a population-based study
Rodrigues, S. L., Baldo, M. P., Cunha, R. S., Andreão, R. V., Molina, M. D. C. B., Gonçalves, C. P., Dantas, E. M., & Mill, J. G. (2009) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2009.122 · Cited by 25
Neuroendocrine mechanisms and cardiovascular homeostasis in the elderly
Phillips, P. A., Hodsman, G. P., & Johnston, C. I. (1991) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf00114221 · Cited by 25
Associations of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer with other diseases in US veterans.
Sonnenberg, A., & Wasserman, I. H. (1995) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.85.9.1252 · Cited by 25
Sodium Chloride Loading Does Not Alter Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation of Forearm Vasculature in Either Salt-Sensitive or Salt-Resistant Patients with Essential Hypertension.
Higashi, Y., Sasaki, S., Nakagawa, K., Kimura, M., Noma, K., Sasaki, S., Kieko, H. A. R. A., Matsuura, H., Chayama, K., & Oshima, T. (2001) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.24.711 · Cited by 25
The Relationship of Dietary Factors to Cardiovascular Diseases among Japanese in Okinawa and Japanese Immigrants, Originally from Okinawa, in Brazil.
Mizushima, S., Moriguchi, E. H., Nakada, Y., Biosca, M. D. G., Nara, Y., Murakami, K., Horie, R., Moriguchi, Y., Mimura, G., & Yamori, Y. (1992) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.15.45 · Cited by 25
Factors Associated with Primary Hypertension in Pediatric Patients: An Up-to-Date
Machado, I. B. S., Tofanelli, M. R., da Silva, A. A. S., & Silva, A. C. S. E. (2021) · Current Pediatric Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573396317999210111200222 · Cited by 24
Understanding Renal Tubular Function: Key Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance, and Comprehensive Urine Assessment
Sanchez, M. E. A., Salgado, M. A. A., Galván, V. M. U., Salguero, V. Y., Estrella, M. B. Y., López, E. F. M., García, N. A. R., Zárate, M. O. C., Hurtado, J. D. S., Pineda, D. A. D., et al. (2025) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.3390/pathophysiology32030033 · Cited by 24
Secular trends in salt and soy sauce intake among Chinese adults, 1997–2011
Yu, L., Li, S., Zhao, J.-S., Zhang, J., Wang, L., & Wang, K. (2017) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2017.1344203 · Cited by 24
The Role of Adenosine A2AReceptor, CYP450s, and PPARs in the Regulation of Vascular Tone
Khayat, M. T. A., & Nayeem, M. A. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/1720920 · Cited by 24
Behavioural Nudges, Physico-Chemical Solutions, and Sensory Strategies to Reduce People’s Salt Consumption
Spence, C. J. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11193092 · Cited by 24
Sodium Levels in Canadian Fast-food and Sit-down Restaurants
Scourboutakos, M. J., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405645 · Cited by 24
Relationships Between Blood Pressure and 24‐Hour Urinary Excretion of Sodium and Potassium by Body Mass Index Status in Chinese Adults
Yan, L., Bi, Z., Tang, J., Wang, L., Yang, Q., Guo, X., Cogswell, M. E., Zhang, X., Hong, Y., Engelgau, M. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12658 · Cited by 25
Assessing the Associations of Sodium Intake With Long-Term All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a Hypertensive Cohort
Singer, P., Cohen, H. W., & Alderman, M. H. (2014) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpu141 · Cited by 24
Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake Is Not Associated With Elevated Blood Pressure in US Adults With No Prior History of Hypertension
Sharma, S., McFann, K., Chonchol, M., & Kendrick, J. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12312 · Cited by 24
The proportion of individuals with obesity-induced hypertension among total hypertensives in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA80, 90
Nakamura, K., Okamura, T., Hayakawa, T., Hozawa, A., Kadowaki, T., Murakami, Y., Kita, Y., Okayama, A., & Ueshima, H. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9168-4 · Cited by 24
Dietary Sodium Alters the Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Determined Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertension
Vaidya, A., Bentley–Lewis, R., Jeunemaı̂tre, X., Adler, G. K., & Williams, J. S. (2009) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2009.45 · Cited by 24
The genetic deletion of Mas abolishes salt induced hypertension in mice
Heringer‐Walther, S., Gembardt, F., Perschel, F. H., Katz, N. R., Schultheiss, H., & Walther, T. (2012) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.05.025 · Cited by 24
Dietary sodium intake in young Korean adults and its relationship with eating frequency and taste preference
Shim, E., Ryu, H.-J., Hwang, J., Kim, S. Y., & Chung, E.-J. (2013) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2013.7.3.192 · Cited by 24
Comparação dos perfis dos pacientes hipertensos atendidos em Pronto-Socorro e em tratamento ambulatorial
Sanchez, C. G., Pierin, Â. M. G., & Mion, D. (2004) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/s0080-62342004000100011 · Cited by 24
High Salt Intake Is Independently Associated With Hypertensive Target Organ Damage
Imaizumi, Y., Eguchi, K., Murakami, T., Arakawa, K., Tsuchihashi, T., & Kario, K. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12668 · Cited by 24
Estimation of Sodium Intake of Adult Female by 24-Hour Urine Analysis, Dietary Records and Dish Frequency Questionnaire (DFQ 55)
Shin, E.-K., Lee, H.-J., Lee, J.-J., Ann, M.-Y., Son, S. M., & Lee, Y.-K. (2010) · Journal of Nutrition and Health · doi:10.4163/kjn.2010.43.1.79 · Cited by 24
Salt intake belief, knowledge, and behavior
Zhang, J., Tao, W., Chu, H., Feng, X., Shi, J., Zhang, R., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Li, N., Yan, L. L., et al. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004404 · Cited by 24
Dietary Sodium and Cardiovascular Disease
Smyth, A., O'Donnell, M. J., Mente, A., & Yusuf, S. (2015) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-015-0559-8 · Cited by 25
Role of the Lymphatic System in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Humans
Chachaj, A., Puła, B., Chabowski, M., Grzegrzółka, J., Szahidewicz-Krupska, E., Karczewski, M., Janczak, D., Dzięgiel, P., Podhorska‐Okołów, M., Mazur, G. J., et al. (2018) · Lymphatic Research and Biology · doi:10.1089/lrb.2017.0051 · Cited by 24
Is too much salt harmful? Yes
Agócs, R., Sugár, D., & Szabo, A. J. (2019) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-019-04387-4 · Cited by 25
Reductions in Blood Pressure Following Energy Restriction for Weight Loss Do Not Rebound after Re-Establishment of Energy Balance in Overweight and Obese Subjects
Brinkworth, G. D., Wycherley, T. P., Noakes, M., & Clifton, P. M. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641960802275734 · Cited by 24
Blood pressure relates to sodium taste sensitivity and discrimination in adolescents
Málaga, S., Díaz, J. J., Argüelles, J., Perillán, C., Málaga, I., & Vijande, M. (2003) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-003-1089-1 · Cited by 24
Prevalence of arterial hypertension in Serbia
Lović, D. B., Stojanov, V., Jakovljević, B. D., Krotin, M., Jurišić, V., Djordjevic, D. B., Paunović, K., Zdravkovic, M. D., Simonovic, D., Bastać, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328364c2a2 · Cited by 26
Blood Pressure and the Cystic Fibrosis Gene
Super, M., Irtiza-Ali, A., Roberts, S. A., Schwarz, M. J., Young, M., Smith, A. K., Roberts, T., Hinks, J., & Heagerty, A. M. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000145901.81989.46 · Cited by 24
6. Recommendations on potassium, magnesium and calcium
Burgess, E. D., Lewanczuk, R. Z., Bolli, P., Chockalingam, A., Cutler, H., Taylor, J. P., & Hamet, P. (1999) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · Cited by 24
An Unexpected Result For Sodium— Causal Or Casual?
Cook, N. R., Cutler, J. A., & Hennekens, C. H. (1995) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.25.6.1153 · Cited by 24
Facts, issues and controversies in salt reduction for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Cappucci, F., & Capewell, S. (2015) · University of Warwick · doi:10.82444/warw.33693334 · Cited by 23
Depressor effect of chymase inhibitor in mice with high salt-induced moderate hypertension
Devarajan, S., Yahiro, E., Uehara, Y., Habe, S., Nishiyama, A., Miura, S., Saku, K., & Urata, H. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00721.2014 · Cited by 23
Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Dietary Sources of Sodium in Maputo, Mozambique
de Queiroz, A. R. F., Damasceno, A. A. M., Jessen, N., Novela, C., Moreira, P. A. M., Lunet, N., & Padrão, P. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9080830 · Cited by 23
Awareness of Salt Intake among Community-Dwelling Elderly at Coastal Area: The Role of Public Health Access Program
Farapti, F., Fatimah, A. D., Astutik, E., Hidajah, A. C., & Rochmah, T. N. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2020/8793869 · Cited by 23
Chloride Ions, Vascular Function and Hypertension
Gotō, K., & Kitazono, T. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092316 · Cited by 24
Sodium, potassium intake, and all-cause mortality: confusion and new findings
Liu, D., Tian, Y., Wang, R., Zhang, T., Shen, S., Zeng, P., & Zou, T. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17582-8 · Cited by 23
At the Tipping Point: Accomplishing Population‐Wide Sodium Reduction in the United States
Appel, L. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.07227.x · Cited by 23
Consumer understanding of UK salt intake advice
Marshall, S. J., Bower, J. A., & Schröder, M. J. A. (2007) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/00070700710732556 · Cited by 23
Overweight and Obesity as Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk: The Framingham Experience
Wilson, P. W. F., D'Agostino, R. B., Sullivan, L., Parise, H., & Kannel, W. B. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.16.1867 · Cited by 22

Authors: Scally, G.
Corresponding author: Scally, Gabriel
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1988-07-30
Volume: 297
Issue: 6644
Pages: 319-328
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319
PMC: PMC1834069
OpenAlex: W1481480932
Cited by: 2,213
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 106 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 90
FWCI: 40.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
Keywords: sodium excretion, potassium excretion, blood pressure, salt sensitivity, Na+/K+ ratio, age-related blood pressure increase, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension prevalence
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Blood Pressure, Body Height, Body Weight, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Potassium, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Sodium, Statistics as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks