Cited by 2,213Sodium Intake and HealthBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesRenin-Angiotensin System Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.

Open access

Scally, Gabriel·1988·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319PMC PMC1834069

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The relations between 24 hour urinary electrolyte excretion and blood pressure were studied in 10,079 men and women aged 20-59 sampled from 52 centres around the world based on a highly standardised protocol with central training of observers, a central laboratory, and extensive quality control. Relations between electrolyte excretion and blood pressure were studied in individual subjects within each centre and the results of these regression analyses pooled for all 52 centres. Relations between population median electrolyte values and population blood pressure values were also analysed across the 52 centres. Sodium excretion ranged from 0.2 mmol/24 h (Yanomamo Indians, Brazil) to 242 mmol/24 h (north China). In individual subjects (within centres) it was significantly related to blood pressure. Four centres found very low sodium excretion, low blood pressure, and little or no upward slope of blood pressure with age. Across the other 48 centres sodium was significantly related to the slope of blood pressure with age but not to median blood pressure or prevalence of high blood pressure. Potassium excretion was negatively correlated with blood pressure in individual subjects after adjustment for confounding variables. Across centres there was no consistent association. The relation of sodium to potassium ratio to blood pressure followed a pattern similar to that of sodium. Body mass index and heavy alcohol intake had strong, significant independent relations with blood pressure in individual subjects.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319

Cites

19 of 19 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease.
Rose, G. (1981) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.282.6279.1847 · Cited by 1,302
Overweight and Hypertension
Chiang, B. N., Perlman, L. V., & Epstein, F. H. (1969) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.39.3.403 · Cited by 580
Salt, volume and the prevention of hypertension.
Freis, E. D. (1976) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.53.4.589 · Cited by 480
A RANDOM-ZERO SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Weight, B. M., & Doré, C. F. (1970) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90709-9 · Cited by 322
Determination of Calcium in Urine and Serum by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
Trudeau, D. L., & Freier, E. F. (1967) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/13.2.101 · Cited by 304
Blood pressure and dietary salt in human populations
Gleibermann, L. (1973) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670244.1973.9990329 · Cited by 261
The association between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in children.
Cooper, R., Soltero, I., Liu, K., Berkson, D. M., Levinson, S., & Stamler, J. (1980) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.62.1.97 · Cited by 120
Salt and Hypertension: A Sceptical Review of the Evidence
Simpson, F. O. (1979) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs057463s · Cited by 109
Cardiovascular disease in the tropics. 3. Blood pressure and hypertension.
Shaper, A. G. (1972) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5830.805 · Cited by 71
Blood pressure and associated factors in a rural Kenyan community.
Poulter, N. R., Khaw, K., Hopwood, B. E., Mugambi, M., Peart, W. S., Rose, G., & Sever, P. S. (1984) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.6.6.810 · Cited by 70

Show all 19 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

Elliott P, Forrest RD, Jackson CA, Yudkin IS. Sodium and blood pressure: positive associations in a north London population with consideration of the methodological problems of within-population surveys. J7ournal of Human Hliperiensioln (in press).
Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure? BrMed,7 1986;293:27-9.
Dahl L. Possible role of salt intake in the development of hypertension. In: Cottier P, Bock KD, eds. Essential hypertension-an international symposium. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1960:53-65.
Froment A, Milon H, Gravier C. Relationship of sodium intake and arterial hypertension. Contribution of geographical epidemiology. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1979;27:437-54.
Joossens JV. Relation entre l'epidemiologie des accidents cerebrovasculaires et celle du cancer de l'estomac. Evolution Medicale 1968;234:381-5.
Elliott 1P, Stamler R. Manual of operations for INTERSALT. Controlled Clin Trials 1988;9:1-118S.
Wright BM, Dore CF. A randoni zero sphygmomanometer. Lancet 1970;i: 337-8.
American Association of Clinical Chemists. Standard methods of clinical chemisov. Vol 3. New York: Academic Press, 1961.
Jaffe M. Uber den Niederschlag welchen Pikrinsaure in normalen Harn erzeugt und uber eine neue Reaction des Kreatinins. Zeitschrift fur Ph-siologische Chemie 1886;10: 391-400.
Fleiss JL. The design and analysts ofclinical expertments. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1986:1-32.
Kaelber CT, Barboriak J, guest eds. Symposium on alcohol and cardiovascular diseases. Circulatltion 1981;64(suppl III):III 1-84.

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 1,002

A Review of Healthy Dietary Choices for Cardiovascular Disease: From Individual Nutrients and Foods to Dietary Patterns
Chen, W., Zhang, S., Hu, X., Chen, F., & Li, D. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15234898 · Cited by 80
Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japan: a 24-year follow-up of the NIPPON DATA80 Study
Okuda, N., Miura, K., Okayama, A., Okamura, T., Abbott, R. D., Nishi, N., Fujiyoshi, A., Kita, Y., Nakamura, Y., Miyagawa, N., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.276 · Cited by 74
Sodium food sources in the Canadian diet
Fischer, P. W. F., Vigneault, M., Huang, R., Arvaniti, K., & Roach, P. (2009) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h09-077 · Cited by 77
Current Levels of Salt Knowledge: A Review of the Literature
Sarmugam, R., & Worsley, A. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6125534 · Cited by 76
Effect of Sodium Loading/Depletion on Renal Oxygenation in Young Normotensive and Hypertensive Men
Pruijm, M. T., Hofmann, L., Maillard, M. P., Tremblay, S., Glatz, N., Wuerzner, G., Burnier, M., & Vogt, B. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.149682 · Cited by 74
Novel Mechanism for Buffering Dietary Salt in Humans
Selvarajah, V., Maki-Petaja, K. M., Pedro, L. D., Bruggraber, S. F. A., Burling, K., Goodhart, A. K., Brown, M. J., McEniery, C. M., & Wilkinson, I. B. (2017) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10003 · Cited by 78
Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System, Glucose Metabolism and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: MESA
Joseph, J. J., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Effoe, V. S., Hsueh, W. A., Allison, M., & Golden, S. H. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.009890 · Cited by 75
Microalbuminuria is associated with the insulin resistance syndrome independent of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in the Korean population
Kim, Y. I., Kim, C.-H., Choi, C. S., Chung, Y., Lee, M. S., Lee, S. I., Park, J. Y., Hong, S. K., & Lee, K.-U. (2001) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00228-5 · Cited by 74
Fish Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged Japanese in Japan and Brazil
Mizushima, S., Moriguchi, E. H., Ishikawa, P., Hekman, P., Nara, Y., Mimura, G., Moriguchi, Y., & Yamori, Y. (1997) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/174182679700400306 · Cited by 74
Hypertension Prevalence and Stroke Mortality Across Populations
Staessen, J. A. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.18.2420 · Cited by 74
Mechanisms of Dietary Sodium-Induced Impairments in Endothelial Function and Potential Countermeasures
Patik, J. C., Lennon, S. L., Farquhar, W. B., & Edwards, D. G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010270 · Cited by 73
Kidney and epigenetic mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension
Kawarazaki, W., & Fujita, T. (2021) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-021-00399-2 · Cited by 73
Relationship of urinary sodium and sodium‐to‐potassium ratio to blood pressure in older adults in Australia
Huggins, C. E., O'Reilly, S. L., Brinkman, M. T., Hodge, A. M., Giles, G. G., English, D. R., & Nowson, C. A. (2011) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03239.x · Cited by 73
Role of Dietary K + in Natriuresis, Blood Pressure Reduction, Cardiovascular Protection, and Renoprotection
Gritter, M., Rotmans, J. I., & Hoorn, E. J. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11209 · Cited by 73
Nonpharmacologic therapies that reduce blood pressure: A fresh perspective
Appel, L. J. (1999) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4960221502 · Cited by 72
Impact of Micronutrients on Hypertension: Evidence from Clinical Trials with a Special Focus on Meta-Analysis
Chiu, H., Venkatakrishnan, K., Головинская, О., & Wang, C. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020588 · Cited by 73
Global mean potassium intake: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis
Reddin, C., Ferguson, J. P., Murphy, R., Clarke, A., Judge, C. S., Griffith, V., Alvarez‐Iglesias, A., Smyth, A., Mente, A., Yusuf, S., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03128-6 · Cited by 75
Dietary Sodium Consumption Predicts Future Blood Pressure and Incident Hypertension in the Japanese Normotensive General Population
Takase, H., Sugiura, T., Kimura, G., Ohte, N., & Dohi, Y. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.001959 · Cited by 73
Pathogenesis of Hypertension: Interactions Among Sodium, Potassium, and Aldosterone
Büssemaker, E., Hillebrand, U., Hausberg, M., Pavenstädt, H. J., & Oberleithner, H. (2010) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.022 · Cited by 72
Ethnicity and Arterial Stiffness in Brazil
Santos, P. C. J. D. L., Alvim, R. D. O., Ferreira, N. E., Cunha, R. S., Krieger, J. E., Mill, J. G., & Pereira, A. C. (2010) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2010.244 · Cited by 74
Blood pressure in blacks. Twin studies in Barbados.
Grim, C. E., Wilson, T. W., Nicholson, G. D., Hassell, T., Fraser, H. S., Grim, C. E., & Wilson, D. M. (1990) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.15.6.803 · Cited by 72
Are low intakes of calcium and potassium important causes of cardiovascular disease?
McCarron, D., & Reusser, M. E. (2001) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02090-8 · Cited by 67
Ionizing radiation and genetic risks
Sankaranarayanan, K., & Chakraborty, R. (2000) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00106-8 · Cited by 72
The Intrauterine Environment and Adult Cardiovascular Disease
Barker, D. J. P. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470514047.ch2 · Cited by 72
Dietary Patterns and Longevity: Expanding the Blue Zones
Appel, L. J. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.788497 · Cited by 72
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to dietary salt among adults in the state of Victoria, Australia 2015
Grimes, C. A., Kelley, S.-J., Stanley, S., Bolam, B., Webster, J. L., Khokhar, D., & Nowson, C. A. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4451-0 · Cited by 72
Blood Pressure and Total Cholesterol Level Are Critical Risks Especially for Hemorrhagic Stroke in Akita, Japan
Suzuki, K., Izumi, M., Sakamoto, T., & Hayashi, M. (2010) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000321506 · Cited by 71
Six random specimens of daytime casual urine on different days are sufficient to estimate daily sodium/potassium ratio in comparison to 7-day 24-h urine collections
Iwahori, T., Ueshima, H., Miyagawa, N., Ohgami, N., Yamashita, H., Ohkubo, T., Murakami, Y., Shiga, T., & Miura, K. (2014) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2014.76 · Cited by 71
Salt and essential hypertension: pathophysiology and implications for treatment
Garfinkle, M. A. (2017) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2017.04.006 · Cited by 73
Non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension
Alderman, M. H. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91343-9 · Cited by 71
Management of hypertension in chronic kidney disease
Townsend, R. R., & Taler, S. J. (2015) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2015.114 · Cited by 71
Dietary sodium and blood pressure: interactions with other nutrients
Kotchen, T. A., & Kotchen, J. M. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.2.708s · Cited by 70
Hypertension, Dietary Sodium, and Cognitive Decline: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study
Haring, B., Wu, C., Coker, L. H., Seth, A., Snetselaar, L., Manson, J. E., Rossouw, J. E., & Wassertheil-Smoller, S. W. (2015) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv081 · Cited by 72
Diet and Blood Pressure--The Paradigm Shift
McCarron, D. A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5379.933 · Cited by 70
Increased Dietary Sodium Is Related to Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Resistant Hypertension and Hyperaldosteronism
Pimenta, E., Stowasser, M., Gordon, R. D., Harding, S. M., Batlouni, M., Zhang, B., Oparil, S., & Calhoun, D. A. (2013) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.12-0802 · Cited by 69
Structural and functional microvascular alterations in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high‐fat diet
do Nascimento, A. R., Machado, M. V. R., de Jesus, N. S., Gomes, F., Lessa, M. A., Bonomo, I. T., & Tibiriçá, E. V. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20358 · Cited by 71
Plant-Based Diets and Hypertension
Joshi, S., Ettinger, L., & Liebman, S. E. (2019) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827619875411 · Cited by 72
A Review of Nutritional Factors in Hypertension Management
Nguyen, H., Odelola, O. A., Rangaswami, J., & Amanullah, A. M. (2013) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1155/2013/698940 · Cited by 75
High Sodium Intake Enhances Insulin‐stimulated Glucose Uptake in Rat Epididymal Adipose Tissue
Fonseca‐Alaniz, M. H., Takada, J., Andreotti, S., de Campos, T. B. F., Campaña, A. B., Borges‐Silva, C. N., & Lima, F. B. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.69 · Cited by 69
Prevention of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases
Kokubo, Y. (2014) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.00543 · Cited by 74
Salt, Blood Pressure, and Human Health
Alderman, M. H. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.5.890 · Cited by 69
FALL IN BLOOD PRESSURE WITH MODEST REDUCTION IN DIETARY SALT INTAKE IN MILD HYPERTENSION
(1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90001-9 · Cited by 69
Salt intake and salt‐reduction strategies in South Asia: From evidence to action
Ghimire, K., Mishra, S. R., Satheesh, G., Neupane, D., Sharma, A., Panda, R., Kallestrup, P., & McLachlan, C. S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14365 · Cited by 68
Measurement Error Corrected Sodium and Potassium Intake Estimation Using 24-Hour Urinary Excretion
Huang, Y., Horn, L. V., Tinker, L. F., Neuhouser, M. L., Carbone, L. D., Mossavar‐Rahmani, Y., Thomas, F., & Prentice, R. L. (2013) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02218 · Cited by 68
Effects of a behavioral intervention that emphasizes spices and herbs on adherence to recommended sodium intake: results of the SPICE randomized clinical trial
Anderson, C. A. M., Cobb, L. K., Miller, E. R., Woodward, M., Hottenstein, A. W., Chang, A. R., Mongraw‐Chaffin, M., White, K. N., Charleston, J. B., Tanaka, T., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.100750 · Cited by 72
Racial Differences in Urinary Potassium Excretion
Turban, S., Miller, E. R., Ange, B. A., & Appel, L. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2007101142 · Cited by 68
Integrative Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease and Prevention
Aggarwal, M., Aggarwal, B., & Rao, J. (2017) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.04.007 · Cited by 71
Rationale and Design of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Assessing the Renoprotective Effects of Potassium Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Gritter, M., Vogt, L., Yeung, S. M. H., Wouda, R. D., Ramakers, C. R. B., de Borst, M. H., Rotmans, J. I., & Hoorn, E. J. (2018) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000490261 · Cited by 69
The effect of low-dose potassium supplementation on blood pressure in apparently healthy volunteers
Naismith, D. J., & Braschi, A. (2003) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2003861 · Cited by 68
Metabolic manifestations of low-dose diuretics
Neutel, J. M. (1996) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00270-7 · Cited by 69
Renal Response to l -Arginine in Salt-Sensitive Patients With Essential Hypertension
Higashi, Y., Oshima, T., Watanabe, M., Matsuura, H., & Kajiyama, G. (1996) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.27.3.643 · Cited by 68
ASH position paper: Dietary approaches to lower blood pressure
Appel, L. J. (2009) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2009.08.003 · Cited by 67
Hipertensão arterial na infância
Salgado, C. M., & Carvalhaes, J. T. A. (2003) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1590/s0021-75572003000700013 · Cited by 66
Priority Actions to Advance Population Sodium Reduction
Ide, N., Ajenikoko, A., Steele, L., Cohn, J., Curtis, C. J., Frieden, T. R., & Cobb, L. K. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092543 · Cited by 66
The neurohormonal natural history of essential hypertension: towards primary or tertiary aldosteronism?
Lim, P. O., Struthers, A. D., & MacDonald, T. M. (2002) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200201000-00003 · Cited by 66
Cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in Vietnam
Ha, D. A., & Chisholm, D. (2011) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czq045 · Cited by 65
Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Stroke Mortality Attributable to High Sodium Intake in China and Japan
Cao, J., Eshak, E. S., Liu, K., Gerő, K., Liu, Z., & Yu, C. (2019) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.118.024617 · Cited by 65
Association between adherence to the Japanese diet and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study
Matsuyama, S., Sawada, N., Tomata, Y., Zhang, S., Goto, A., Yamaji, T., Iwasaki, M., Inoue, M., Tsuji, I., & Tsugane, S. (2020) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02330-0 · Cited by 65
The Epidemiological Association between Blood Pressure and Stroke: Implications for Primary and Secondary Prevention
MacMahon, S. W., & Rodgers, A. (1994) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.17.supplementi_s23 · Cited by 65
Feasibility of salt reduction in processed foods in Argentina
Ferrante, D., Apro, N., Ferreira, V., Virgolini, M., Aguilar, V., Sosa, M., Perel, P., & Casas, J. P. (2011) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.1590/s1020-49892011000200001 · Cited by 65
Choose and Prepare Foods with Less Salt: Dietary Advice for All Americans
Loria, C. M., Obarzanek, E., & Ernst, N. D. (2001) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.2.536s · Cited by 65
Cardiovascular disease relates to intestinal uptake of p-cresol in patients with chronic kidney disease
Poesen, R., Viaene, L., Verbeke, K., Augustijns, P., Bammens, B., Claes, K. J., Kuypers, D. R. J., Evenepoel, P., & Meijers, B. K. I. (2014) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/1471-2369-15-87 · Cited by 64
Salt intake of the Slovene population assessed by 24 h urinary sodium excretion
Ribič, C. H., Zakotnik, J. M., Vertnik, L., Vegnuti, M., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2010) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898001000025x · Cited by 64
Blood pressure response to sodium in children and adolescents
Falkner, B. E., & Michel, S. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.2.618s · Cited by 64
The Effect of the Sodium to Potassium Ratio on Hypertension Prevalence: A Propensity Score Matching Approach
Park, J., Kwock, C., & Yang, Y. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8080482 · Cited by 63
Long-term effects of a plant-based dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods on blood pressure
Jenkins, D. J. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Faulkner, D. A., Kemp, T., Marchie, A., Nguyen, T. H., Wong, J. M. W., de Souza, R., Emam, A., Vidgen, E., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602768 · Cited by 63
TRPV1 activation prevents high-salt diet-induced nocturnal hypertension in mice
Hao, X., Chen, J., Luo, Z., He, H., Yu, H., Ma, L., Ma, S., Zhu, T., Liu, D., & Zhu, Z. (2011) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-011-0921-x · Cited by 63
Report of the Working Group for Dietary Salt Reduction of the Japanese Society of Hypertension: (1) Rationale for Salt Restriction and Salt-Restriction Target Level for the Management of Hypertension
Kawano, Y., Ando, K., Matsuura, H., Tsuchihashi, T., Fujita, T., & Ueshima, H. (2007) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.30.879 · Cited by 63
Salt substitution in surimi seafood and its effects on instrumental quality attributes
Tahergorabi, R., Beamer, S. K., Matak, K. E., & Jaczynski, J. (2012) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2012.03.004 · Cited by 65
Effects of Salt Supplementation on the Albuminuric Response to Telmisartan With or Without Hydrochlorothiazide Therapy in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Are Modulated by Habitual Dietary Salt Intake
Ekinci, E. I., Thomas, G., Thomas, D. M., Johnson, C., MacIsaac, R. J., Houlihan, C. A., Finch, S. J., Panagiotopoulos, S., O’Callaghan, C. J., & Jerums, G. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-2297 · Cited by 63
Can Dietary Sodium Intake Be Modified by Public Policy?
McCarron, D. A., Geerling, J. C., Kazaks, A., & Stern, J. S. (2009) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04660709 · Cited by 63
Validation of the Spot Urine in Evaluating 24-Hour Sodium Excretion in Chinese Hypertension Patients
Han, W., Sun, N., Chen, Y., Wang, H., Yang, X., & Ma, Z. (2015) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv037 · Cited by 63
Nondrug interventions in hypertension prevention and control
Labarthe, D. R., & Ayala, C. (2002) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(01)00003-0 · Cited by 63
Associations of Health Literacy with Blood Pressure and Dietary Salt Intake among Adults: A Systematic Review
Isa, D. M., Shahar, S., He, F. J., & Majid, H. A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13124534 · Cited by 70
Sodium and Health: Old Myths and a Controversy Based on Denial
Cappuccio, F. P., Campbell, N. R. C., He, F. J., Jacobson, M. F., MacGregor, G. A., Antman, E. M., Appel, L. J., Arcand, J., Blanco‐Metzler, A., Cook, N. R., et al. (2022) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-021-00383-z · Cited by 63
Role of adequate dietary calcium intake in the prevention and management of salt-sensitive hypertension
McCarron, D. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.2.712s · Cited by 62
Long-term high-salt diet causes hypertension and decreases renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in Sprague-Dawley rats
Gu, J.-W., Bailey, A. P., Tan, W. H., Shparago, M., & Young, E. (2008) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2008.03.001 · Cited by 66
The Impact of Sodium and Potassium on Hypertension Risk
Adrogué, H. J., & Madias, N. E. (2014) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.04.003 · Cited by 64
FGF-23 and cardiovascular disease: review of literature
Batra, J., Buttar, R. S., Kaur, P., Kreimerman, J., & Melamed, M. L. (2016) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000294 · Cited by 62
Hemodynamic and Metabolic Profile in Offspring of Malignant Hypertensive Parents
Lopes, H. F., Bortolotto, L. A., Szlejf, C., Kamitsuji, C. S., & Krieger, E. M. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hy09t1.094504 · Cited by 61
Adding Salt to Meals as a Risk Factor of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
Radzevičienė, L., & Ostrauskas, R. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9010067 · Cited by 61
Geographic and socioeconomic variation of sodium and potassium intake in Italy: results from the MINISAL-GIRCSI programme
Cappuccio, F. P., Ji, C., Donfrancesco, C., Palmieri, L., Ippolito, R., Vanuzzo, D., Giampaoli, S., & Strazzullo, P. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007467 · Cited by 62
The Cyp2c44 Epoxygenase Regulates Epithelial Sodium Channel Activity and the Blood Pressure Responses to Increased Dietary Salt
Capdevila, J. H., Pidkovka, N. A., Mei, S., Gong, Y., Falck, J. R., Imig, J. D., Harris, R. C., & Wang, W. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.508416 · Cited by 61
Vitamina D e doenças endocrinometabólicas
Schuch, N. J., Garcia, V. C., & Martini, L. A. (2009) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302009000500015 · Cited by 63
Changes in the sodium content of bread in Australia and New Zealand between 2007 and 2010: implications for policy
Dunford, E., Eyles, H. C., Mhurchú, C. N., Webster, J. L., & Neal, B. C. (2011) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja11.10673 · Cited by 61
Association between Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake with Chronic Kidney Disease in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sharma, S., McFann, K., Chonchol, M., de Boer, I. H., & Kendrick, J. (2013) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000351178 · Cited by 61
Spot urine sodium measurements do not accurately estimate dietary sodium intake in chronic kidney disease 1,2
Dougher, C. E., Rifkin, D. E., Anderson, C. A. M., Smits, G., Persky, M. S., Block, G. A., & Ix, J. H. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.127423 · Cited by 61
Renal Function and Blood Pressure Response to Dietary Salt Restriction in Normotensive Men
Barba, G., Cappuccio, F. P., Russo, L., Stinga, F., Iacone, R., & Strazzullo, P. (1996) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.27.5.1160 · Cited by 61
Dietary Sodium Intake and Mortality
Esslinger, K. A., & Jones, P. J. H. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01667.x · Cited by 61
Dietary Fats and Blood Pressure: A Critical Review of the Evidence
Sacks, F. M. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1989.tb02753.x · Cited by 61
Early effects of oral salt on plasma volume, orthostatic tolerance, and baroreceptor sensitivity in patients with syncope
Mtinangi, B. L., & HAINSWORTH, R. (1998) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02267786 · Cited by 61
Baroreflex Impairment by Low Sodium Diet in Mild or Moderate Essential Hypertension
Grassi, G., Cattaneo, B. M., Seravalle, G., Lanfranchi, A., Bolla, G., & Mancia, G. (1997) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.29.3.802 · Cited by 60
High dietary sodium reduces brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in humans with salt-sensitive and salt-resistant blood pressure
Matthews, E. L., Brian, M. S., Ramick, M. G., Lennon-Edwards, S., Edwards, D. G., & Farquhar, W. B. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00023.2015 · Cited by 60
2026 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Lichtenstein, A. H., Khera, A., Anderson, C. A. M., Appel, L. J., DeSilva, D. M., Gardner, C. D., Hu, F. B., Jones, D. W., & Petersen, K. S. (2026) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001435 · Cited by 62
Dietary Sodium in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Approach
Wright, J. A., & Cavanaugh, K. L. (2010) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.2010.00752.x · Cited by 60
Potassium Intake and Risk of Stroke in Women With Hypertension and Nonhypertension in the Women’s Health Initiative
Seth, A., Mossavar‐Rahmani, Y., Kamensky, V., Silver, B., Lakshminarayan, K., Prentice, R. L., Horn, L. V., & Wassertheil-Smoller, S. W. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.006046 · Cited by 60
Salt intakes and salt reduction initiatives in Southeast Asia: a review.
Batcagan-Abueg, A. P. M., Lee, J. J. M., Chan, P., Rebello, S. A., & Amarra, M. S. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.4.04 · Cited by 61
Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Urban and Rural Areas in India: A Population Survey of 1395 Persons
Johnson, C., Mohan, S., Rogers, K. D., Shivashankar, R., Thout, S. R., Gupta, P., He, F. J., MacGregor, G. A., Webster, J. L., Krishnan, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.004547 · Cited by 60
Dietary intake, blood pressure and osteoporosis
Woo, J., Kwok, T., Leung, J. C. S., & Tang, N. L. S. (2008) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2008.156 · Cited by 60
The interrelationship between TGF-β1and nitric oxide is altered in salt-sensitive hypertension
Ying, W., & Sanders, P. W. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00177.2003 · Cited by 60

Authors: Scally, G.
Corresponding author: Scally, Gabriel
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1988-07-30
Volume: 297
Issue: 6644
Pages: 319-328
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319
PMC: PMC1834069
OpenAlex: W1481480932
Cited by: 2,213
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 106 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 90
FWCI: 40.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
Keywords: sodium excretion, potassium excretion, blood pressure, salt sensitivity, Na+/K+ ratio, age-related blood pressure increase, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension prevalence
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Blood Pressure, Body Height, Body Weight, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Potassium, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Sodium, Statistics as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks