Cited by 2,213Sodium Intake and HealthBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesRenin-Angiotensin System Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.

Open access

Scally, Gabriel·1988·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319PMC PMC1834069

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The relations between 24 hour urinary electrolyte excretion and blood pressure were studied in 10,079 men and women aged 20-59 sampled from 52 centres around the world based on a highly standardised protocol with central training of observers, a central laboratory, and extensive quality control. Relations between electrolyte excretion and blood pressure were studied in individual subjects within each centre and the results of these regression analyses pooled for all 52 centres. Relations between population median electrolyte values and population blood pressure values were also analysed across the 52 centres. Sodium excretion ranged from 0.2 mmol/24 h (Yanomamo Indians, Brazil) to 242 mmol/24 h (north China). In individual subjects (within centres) it was significantly related to blood pressure. Four centres found very low sodium excretion, low blood pressure, and little or no upward slope of blood pressure with age. Across the other 48 centres sodium was significantly related to the slope of blood pressure with age but not to median blood pressure or prevalence of high blood pressure. Potassium excretion was negatively correlated with blood pressure in individual subjects after adjustment for confounding variables. Across centres there was no consistent association. The relation of sodium to potassium ratio to blood pressure followed a pattern similar to that of sodium. Body mass index and heavy alcohol intake had strong, significant independent relations with blood pressure in individual subjects.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319

Cites

19 of 19 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease.
Rose, G. (1981) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.282.6279.1847 · Cited by 1,302
Overweight and Hypertension
Chiang, B. N., Perlman, L. V., & Epstein, F. H. (1969) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.39.3.403 · Cited by 580
Salt, volume and the prevention of hypertension.
Freis, E. D. (1976) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.53.4.589 · Cited by 480
A RANDOM-ZERO SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Weight, B. M., & Doré, C. F. (1970) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90709-9 · Cited by 322
Determination of Calcium in Urine and Serum by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
Trudeau, D. L., & Freier, E. F. (1967) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/13.2.101 · Cited by 304
Blood pressure and dietary salt in human populations
Gleibermann, L. (1973) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670244.1973.9990329 · Cited by 261
The association between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in children.
Cooper, R., Soltero, I., Liu, K., Berkson, D. M., Levinson, S., & Stamler, J. (1980) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.62.1.97 · Cited by 120
Salt and Hypertension: A Sceptical Review of the Evidence
Simpson, F. O. (1979) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs057463s · Cited by 109
Cardiovascular disease in the tropics. 3. Blood pressure and hypertension.
Shaper, A. G. (1972) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5830.805 · Cited by 71
Blood pressure and associated factors in a rural Kenyan community.
Poulter, N. R., Khaw, K., Hopwood, B. E., Mugambi, M., Peart, W. S., Rose, G., & Sever, P. S. (1984) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.6.6.810 · Cited by 70

Show all 19 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

Elliott P, Forrest RD, Jackson CA, Yudkin IS. Sodium and blood pressure: positive associations in a north London population with consideration of the methodological problems of within-population surveys. J7ournal of Human Hliperiensioln (in press).
Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure? BrMed,7 1986;293:27-9.
Dahl L. Possible role of salt intake in the development of hypertension. In: Cottier P, Bock KD, eds. Essential hypertension-an international symposium. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1960:53-65.
Froment A, Milon H, Gravier C. Relationship of sodium intake and arterial hypertension. Contribution of geographical epidemiology. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1979;27:437-54.
Joossens JV. Relation entre l'epidemiologie des accidents cerebrovasculaires et celle du cancer de l'estomac. Evolution Medicale 1968;234:381-5.
Elliott 1P, Stamler R. Manual of operations for INTERSALT. Controlled Clin Trials 1988;9:1-118S.
Wright BM, Dore CF. A randoni zero sphygmomanometer. Lancet 1970;i: 337-8.
American Association of Clinical Chemists. Standard methods of clinical chemisov. Vol 3. New York: Academic Press, 1961.
Jaffe M. Uber den Niederschlag welchen Pikrinsaure in normalen Harn erzeugt und uber eine neue Reaction des Kreatinins. Zeitschrift fur Ph-siologische Chemie 1886;10: 391-400.
Fleiss JL. The design and analysts ofclinical expertments. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1986:1-32.
Kaelber CT, Barboriak J, guest eds. Symposium on alcohol and cardiovascular diseases. Circulatltion 1981;64(suppl III):III 1-84.

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,002

Effects of extreme potassium stress on blood pressure and renal tubular sodium transport
Boyd‐Shiwarski, C. R., Weaver, C. J., Beacham, R. T., Shiwarski, D. J., Connolly, K. A., Nkashama, L. J., Mutchler, S. M., Griffiths, S. E., Knoell, S. A., Sebastiani, R. S., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00527.2019 · Cited by 48
Shifting Human Salty Taste Preference: Potential Opportunities and Challenges in Reducing Dietary Salt Intake of Americans
Bobowski, N. K. (2015) · Chemosensory Perception · doi:10.1007/s12078-015-9179-6 · Cited by 48
Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology of Cerebrovascular Disease : Stroke Epidemic in Japan
Shimamoto, T., Iso, H., Iida, M., & Komachi, Y. (1996) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.6.3sup_43 · Cited by 48
Potassium Depletion and Salt Sensitivity in Essential Hypertension
Coruzzi, P., Brambilla, L., Brambilla, V., Gualerzi, M., Rossi, M., Parati, G., Rienzo, M. D., Tadonio, J., & Novarini, A. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.6.2857 · Cited by 48
Patients Differ in Their Ability to Self-Monitor Adherence to a Low-Sodium Diet Versus Medication
Chung, M. L., Lennie, T. A., Jong, M. J. D., Wu, J. R., Riegel, B. J., & Moser, D. K. (2008) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.10.010 · Cited by 48
Reduction in Blood Pressure with a Sodium-Reduced, Potassium- and Magnesium-Enriched Mineral Salt in Subjects with Mild Essential Hypertension.
Kawasaki, T., Itoh, K., & Kawasaki, M. (1998) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.21.235 · Cited by 48
Blood pressure is the most important cause of death and disability in the world
He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2007) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/sum005 · Cited by 51
The effect of potassium supplementation in persons with a high-normal blood pressure
Whelton, P. K., Buring, J. E., Borhani, N. O., Cohen, J. D., Cook, N. R., Cutler, J. A., Kiley, J. E., Kuller, L. H., Satterfield, S., Sacks, F. M., et al. (1995) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)00053-v · Cited by 48
The Intersalt Study: Main Results, Conclusions and Some Implications
Elliott, P., Marmot, M. G., Dyer, A. R., Joossens, J. V., Kesteloot, H., Stamier, R., Stamler, J. F., & Rose, G. (1989) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641968909035389 · Cited by 48
JCS 2023 Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
Fujiyoshi, A., Kohsaka, S., Hata, J., Hara, M., Kai, H., Masuda, D., Miyamatsu, N., Nishio, Y., Ogura, M., Sata, M., et al. (2024) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-23-0285 · Cited by 55
Acceptability of Sodium-Reduced Research Diets, Including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet, among Adults with Prehypertension and Stage 1 Hypertension
KARANJA, N. M., Lancaster, K. J., Vollmer, W. M., Lin, P., Most, M. M., Ard, J. D., SWAIN, J. F., Sacks, F. M., & Obarzanek, E. (2007) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.06.013 · Cited by 47
Renal renin secretion as regulator of body fluid homeostasis
Damkjær, M., Isaksson, G. L., Stubbe, J., Jensen, B. L., Assersen, K. B., & Bie, P. (2012) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-012-1171-2 · Cited by 47
Salt Handling and Hypertension
O’Shaughnessy, K. M., & Karet, F. E. (2006) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111316 · Cited by 50
Central regulation of body fluid homeostasis
Noda, M., & Matsuda, T. (2022) · Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B · doi:10.2183/pjab.98.016 · Cited by 48
Low sodium diet and pregnancy‐induced hypertension: a multi‐centre randomised controlled trial
Knuist, M., Bonsel, G. J., Zondervan, H. A., & Treffers, P. E. (1998) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10129.x · Cited by 47
Management of hypertension in women
Engberding, N., & WENGER, N. K. (2011) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2011.210 · Cited by 47
Pressure Overload
Frohlich, E. D., & Sušić, D. (2011) · Heart Failure Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2011.08.005 · Cited by 49
Nutritional factors in stroke
Gariballa, S. (2000) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114500001173 · Cited by 47
Salt sensitivity, endogenous ouabain and hypertension
Hamlyn, J. M., & Blaustein, M. P. (2012) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0b013e32835b36ec · Cited by 47
Evaluation of Iodine Nutritional Status in Tehran, Iran: Iodine Deficiency Within Iodine Sufficiency
Nazeri, P., Mirmiran, P., Mehrabi, Y., Hedayati, M., Delshad, H., & Azizi, F. (2010) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0085 · Cited by 46
Reduction of salt: will iodine intake remain adequate in The Netherlands?
Verkaik-Kloosterman, J., Veer, P. V. ’., & Ocké, M. C. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510002722 · Cited by 47
Salt And Public Health: Contested Science And The Challenge Of Evidence-Based Decision Making
Bayer, R., Johns, D. M., & Galea, S. (2012) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0554 · Cited by 46
The role of obesity, salt and exercise on blood pressure in children and adolescents
Stabouli, S., Papakatsika, S., & Kotsis, V. (2011) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/erc.11.63 · Cited by 46
Sodium Intake, Blood Pressure, and Dietary Sources of Sodium in an Adult South Indian Population
Ravi, S., Bermúdez, O. I., Harivanzan, V., Chui, K. H. K., Vasudevan, P., Must, A., Thanikachalam, S., & Thanikachalam, M. (2016) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2016.02.001 · Cited by 46
Four to seven random casual urine specimens are sufficient to estimate 24-h urinary sodium/potassium ratio in individuals with high blood pressure
Iwahori, T., Ueshima, H., Torii, S., Saito, Y., Fujiyoshi, A., Ohkubo, T., & Miura, K. (2015) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.84 · Cited by 46
Prevalence of hypertension at high altitude: cross-sectional survey in Ladakh, Northern India 2007–2011
Norboo, T., Stobdan, T., Norboo, T., Angchuk, N., Tsering, P., Ahmed, I. I. K., Chorol, T., Sharma, V. K., Reddy, P., Singh, S. B., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007026 · Cited by 46
Salt sensitivity and its implication in clinical practice
Mishra, S., INGOLE, S. A., & Jain, R. (2017) · Indian Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2017.10.006 · Cited by 47
Latin American Consensus on the management of hypertension in the patient with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome
López-Jaramillo, P. A., Barbosa, E. C. D., Molina, D. I., Sanchez, R. A., Diaz, M., Camacho, P. A., Lanas, F. T., Pasquel, M., Accini, J., Ponte-Negretti, C. I., et al. (2019) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002072 · Cited by 47
Comparative Studies of Diet-Related Factors and Blood Pressure among Chinese and Japanese: Results from the China-Japan Cooperative Research of the WHO-CARDIAC Study.
Liu, L., Mizushima, S., Ikeda, K., Hattori, H., Miura, A., Gao, M., Nara, Y., & Yamori, Y. (2000) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.23.413 · Cited by 46
Angiotensinogen M235T variant and salt sensitivity in young normotensive caucasians
Schorr, U., Blaschke, K., Beige, J., Distler, A., & Sharma, A. M. (1999) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199917040-00004 · Cited by 46
Primary renal abnormalities in hereditary hypertension
Woolfson, R. G., & de Wardener, H. E. (1996) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1996.370 · Cited by 46
Awareness of hypertension and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension in Sudanese adults : cardiovascular topic
Babiker, F. A., Elkhalifa, L. A., & Moukhyer, M. E. (2013) · Cardiovascular journal of South Africa/Cardiovascular journal of Southern Africa · doi:10.5830/cvja-2013-035 · Cited by 45
Long-Term Compliance with Salt Restriction in Japanese Hypertensive Patients
Ohta, Y., Tsuchihashi, T., Onaka, U., Eto, K., Tominaga, M., & Ueno, M. (2005) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.28.953 · Cited by 45
Serum fibroblast growth factor-23 and incident hypertension
Fyfe‐Johnson, A. L., Alonso, Á., Selvin, E., Bower, J. K., Pankow, J. S., Agarwal, S. K., & Lutsey, P. L. (2016) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000936 · Cited by 45
Sodium and potassium intake in South Africa: an evaluation of 24-hour urine collections in a white, black, and Indian population
Swanepoel, B., Schutte, A. E., Cockeran, M., Steyn, K., & Wentzel‐Viljoen, E. (2016) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2016.08.007 · Cited by 45
Effectiveness of a Self-monitoring Device for Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio on Dietary Improvement in Free-Living Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Iwahori, T., Ueshima, H., Ohgami, N., Yamashita, H., Miyagawa, N., Kondo, K., Torii, S., Yoshita, K., Shiga, T., Ohkubo, T., et al. (2017) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20160144 · Cited by 46
Natural bioactive substances in milk and colostrum: effects on the arterial blood pressure system
Groziak, S. M., & Miller, G. D. (2000) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114500002348 · Cited by 45
Racial and ethnic differences in hypertension
Minor, D. S., Wofford, M. R., & Jones, D. W. (2008) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-008-0018-y · Cited by 45
Blood pressure among the Inuit (Eskimo) populations in the Arctic
Bjerregaard, P., Dewailly, É., Young, T. K., Blanchet, C., Hegele, R. A., Ebbesson, S. O. E., Risica, P. M., & Mulvad, G. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1080/14034940210133924 · Cited by 45
Blood pressure and interactions between the angiotensin polymorphism AGT M235T and sodium intake: a cross-sectional population study
Norat, T., Bowman, R., Luben, R., Welch, A. A., Khaw, K., Wareham, N. J., & Bingham, S. A. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.2.392 · Cited by 45
Effects of sodium salts on pressor reactivity in salt-sensitive men.
Sharma, A. M., Schattenfroh, S., Thiede, H. M., Oelkers, W., & Distler, A. (1992) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.19.6.541 · Cited by 45
Food sources of dietary sodium in the Japanese adult population: the international study of macro-/micronutrients and blood pressure (INTERMAP)
Okuda, N., Okayama, A., Miura, K., Yoshita, K., Saito, S., Nakagawa, H., Sakata, K., Miyagawa, N., Chan, Q. M., Elliott, P., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1177-1 · Cited by 44
Many ways to die, one way to arrive: how selection acts through pregnancy
Brown, E. A., Ruvolo, M., & Sabeti, P. C. (2013) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2013.03.001 · Cited by 44
Effects of renal sympathetic denervation on urinary sodium excretion in patients with resistant hypertension
Pöss, J., Ewen, S., Schmieder, R. E., Muhler, S., Vonend, O., Ott, C., Linz, D., Geisel, J., Rump, L. C., Schlaich, M. P., et al. (2015) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-015-0832-5 · Cited by 44
Dietary Salt Restriction Improves Cardiac and Adipose Tissue Pathology Independently of Obesity in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome
Hattori, T., Murase, T., Takatsu, M., Nagasawa, K., Matsuura, N., Watanabe, S., Murohara, T., & Nagata, K. (2014) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.001312 · Cited by 44
Associations of plant and animal protein intake with 5-year changes in blood pressure: The Zutphen Elderly Study
Tielemans, S. M. A. J., Kromhout, D., der Kuil, W. A.-V., & Geleijnse, J. M. (2014) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.05.013 · Cited by 44
Relationship between Sodium Intake and Water Intake: The False and the True
Bankir, L., Perucca, J., Norsk, P., Bouby, N., & Damgaard, M. (2017) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000463831 · Cited by 44
Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and intake of sodium and potassium among men and women from multiethnic general populations: the INTERSALT Study
Iwahori, T., Miura, K., Ueshima, H., Tanaka‐Mizuno, S., Chan, Q. M., Arima, H., Dyer, A. R., Elliott, P., & Stamler, J. (2019) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-019-0263-1 · Cited by 44
Salt, No Salt, or Less Salt for Patients With Heart Failure?
Khan, M. S., Jones, D. W., & Butler, J. (2019) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.07.034 · Cited by 44
Minerals and Blood Pressure
Karppanen, H. (1991) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899109148064 · Cited by 44
Effect of salt intake on progression of chronic kidney disease
Sanders, P. W. (2005) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000186853.23512.a5 · Cited by 44
Blood pressure in relation to three candidate genes in a Chinese population
Wang, J., Liu, L., Zagato, L., Xie, J., Fagard, R. H., Jin, K., Wang, J., Li, Y., Bianchi, G., Staessen, J. A., et al. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200405000-00015 · Cited by 44
Angiotensinogen T174M and M235T variants, sodium intake and hypertension among non-drinking, lean Japanese men and women
Iso, H., Harada, S., Shimamoto, T., Sato, S., Kitamura, A., Sankai, T., Tanigawa, T., Iida, M., & Komachi, Y. (2000) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200018090-00005 · Cited by 44
Does mean arterial blood pressure scale with body mass in mammals? Effects of measurement of blood pressure
Poulsen, C. B., Wang, T., Assersen, K. B., Iversen, N., & Damkjær, M. (2017) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13010 · Cited by 45
Blockade of the renin–angiotensin system and renal tissue oxygenation as measured with BOLD-MRI in patients with type 2 diabetes
Pruijm, M. T., Hofmann, L., Zanchi, A., Maillard, M. P., Forni, V., Muller, M.-E., Wuerzner, G., Vogt, B., Stuber, M., & Burnier, M. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.11.004 · Cited by 43
Prevalence of hypertension in China
Wang, X., Bots, M. L., Yang, F., Hoes, A. W., & Vaartjes, I. C. H. (2014) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000252 · Cited by 43
Lower serum potassium associated with increased mortality in dialysis patients: A nationwide prospective observational cohort study in Korea
Lee, S., Kang, E., Yoo, K. D., Choi, Y., Kim, D. K., Joo, K. W., Yang, S. H., Kim, Y.-L., Kang, S., Yang, C. W., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171842 · Cited by 43
Reprint of: Prevention and Control of Hypertension
Carey, R. M., Muntner, P., Bosworth, H. B., & Whelton, P. K. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.022 · Cited by 49
Evaluation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension
Hirohama, D., & Fujita, T. (2019) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-019-0332-5 · Cited by 43
Manufacture and biochemical characteristics during ripening of Cheddar cheese with variable NaCl and equal moisture content
Møller, K. K., Rattray, F. P., Høier, E., & Ardö, Y. (2012) · Dairy Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13594-012-0076-3 · Cited by 43
The Thiazide-Sensitive Na+-Cl- Cotransporter Gene, C1784T, and Adrenergic Receptor-β3 Gene, T727C, May Be Gene Polymorphisms Susceptible to the Antihypertensive Effect of Thiazide Diuretics
Matayoshi, T., Kamide, K., Takiuchi, S., Yoshii, M., Miwa, Y., Takami, Y., Tanaka, C., Banno, M., Horio, T., Nakamura, S., et al. (2004) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.27.821 · Cited by 43
Dietary salt restriction accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Ivanovski, O., Szumilak, D., Nguyen‐Khoa, T., Déchaux, M., Massy, Z. A., Phan, O., Mothu, N., Lacour, B., Drüeke, T. B., & Muntzel, M. S. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.020 · Cited by 43
Impact of salt reduction on the instrumental and sensory flavor profile of vegetable soup
Mitchell, M., Brunton, N. P., & Wilkinson, M. G. (2011) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.007 · Cited by 45
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of Greek adults towards salt consumption: a Hellenic Food Authority project
Marakis, G. N., Tsigarida, E., Mila, S., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980013002255 · Cited by 43
Changes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Three Japanese National Surveys 1971-1990
Sakata, K., & Labarthe, D. R. (1996) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.6.93 · Cited by 43
Be careful with ecological associations
Roumeliotis, S. K., ElHafeez, S. A., Jager, K. J., Dekker, F. W., Stel, V. S., Pitino, A., Zoccali, C., & Tripepi, G. L. (2021) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.13861 · Cited by 42
Consumer Acceptance of Foods Lower in Sodium
Adams, S. O., Maller, O., & Cardello, A. V. (1995) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00120-4 · Cited by 42
Salt intake in children 10–12 years old and its modification by active working practices in a school garden
Cotter, J., Cotter, M. J., Oliveira, P., Cunha, P., & Polónia, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328363572f · Cited by 44
Salt intake, plasma sodium, and worldwide salt reduction
He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2012) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2012.660495 · Cited by 43
Compound Ion Salt, a Novel Low-Sodium Salt Substitute: From Animal Study to Community-Based Population Trial
Zhou, X., Liu, J.-X., Shi, R., Yang, N., Song, D.-L., Pang, W., & Li, Y. (2009) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2009.135 · Cited by 43
Associations between dietary salt, potassium and blood pressure in South African adults: WHO SAGE Wave 2 Salt & Tobacco
Ware, L. J., Charlton, K. E., Schutte, A. E., Cockeran, M., Naidoo, N., & Kowal, P. R. (2017) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2017.06.017 · Cited by 43
The Na+/H+ Exchanger 3 in the Intestines and the Proximal Tubule of the Kidney: Localization, Physiological Function, and Key Roles in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension
Nwia, S. M., Li, X. C., Leite, A. P. D. O., Hassan, R., & Zhuo, J. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.861659 · Cited by 42
Dietary salt, high blood pressure and other harmful effects on health
He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845693046.1.18 · Cited by 43
Validation of the equations for estimating daily sodium excretion from spot urine in patients with chronic kidney disease
Imai, E., Yasuda, Y., Horio, M., Shibata, K., Kato, S., Mizutani, Y., Imai, J., Hayashi, M., Kamiya, H., Oiso, Y., et al. (2011) · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s10157-011-0523-0 · Cited by 42
Different associations of blood pressure with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion among pre- and post-menopausal women
Yamori, Y., Liu, L., Ikeda, K., Mizushima, S., Nara, Y., & Simpson, F. O. (2001) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200103001-00003 · Cited by 42
Nutrition, Diet, and Hypertension
McCullough, M. L., & Lin, P. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012193155-1/50022-2 · Cited by 42
Physiological Aspects of the Requirement for Sodium in Mammals
Michell, A. R. (1989) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr19890012 · Cited by 42
The dietary guideline for sodium: should we shake it up? Yes!
McCarron, D. A. (2000) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1013 · Cited by 42
Lipid profiles of Yanomamo Indians of Brazil
Mancilha-Carvalho, J. J., & Crews, D. E. (1990) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(90)90009-9 · Cited by 24
Ionizing radiation and genetic risks
Sankaranarayanan, K., Chakraborty, R., & Boerwinkle, E. (1999) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/s1383-5742(98)00017-9 · Cited by 42
Worldwide Epidemiology of Obesity
VanItallie, T. B. (1994) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-199400051-00003 · Cited by 42
Effect of low sodium and high potassium diet on lowering blood pressure and cardiovascular events
Kim, B. S., Yu, M., & Shin, J. (2024) · Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1186/s40885-023-00259-0 · Cited by 41
Salt Preference According to a Questionnaire vs. Dietary Salt Intake Estimated by a Spot Urine Method in Participants at a Health Check-up Center
Hashimoto, T., Yagami, F., Owada, M., Sugawara, T., & Kawamura, M. (2008) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0622 · Cited by 41
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure in a cross-sectional study in older Chinese men
Chan, R., Chan, D., Woo, J., Ohlsson, C., Mellström, D., Kwok, T. C. Y., & Leung, P. S. (2011) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.126 · Cited by 41
Mineralocorticoid receptor activation: a major contributor to salt-induced renal injury and hypertension in young rats
Kawarazaki, H., Ando, K., Fujita, M., Matsui, H., Nagae, A., Muraoka, K., Kawarasaki, C., & Fujita, T. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00691.2010 · Cited by 41
Trends of BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portugal (1995–2005): a systematic review
Carreira, H., Pereira, M., Azevedo, A., & Lunet, N. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980012000559 · Cited by 41
Dietary sodium intake in a sample of adult male population in southern Italy: results of the Olivetti Heart Study
Venezia, A., Barba, G., Russo, O., Capasso, C., Luca, V. D., Farinaro, E., Cappuccio, F. P., Galletti, F., Rossi, G., & Strazzullo, P. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.22 · Cited by 42
Sodium and Potassium Intake in Healthy Adults in Thessaloniki Greater Metropolitan Area—The Salt Intake in Northern Greece (SING) Study
Vasara, E., Marakis, G. N., Breda, J., Skepastianos, P., Hassapidou, M. N., Kafatos, A., Rodopaios, N. E., Koulouri, A. A., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9040417 · Cited by 41
Sodium Handling and Interaction in Numerous Organs
Minegishi, S., Luft, F. C., Titze, J. M., & Kitada, K. (2020) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaa049 · Cited by 43
Evaluation of the aetiological role of dietary salt exposure in gastric and other cancers in humans
Cohen, A. J., & Roe, F. J. C. (1997) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(96)00114-7 · Cited by 41
Using surrogate biomarkers to improve measurement error models in nutritional epidemiology
Keogh, R. H., White, I. R., & Rodwell, S. A. (2013) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.5803 · Cited by 41
Pathogenesis of structural vascular changes in hypertension
Simon, G. (2003) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200401000-00002 · Cited by 41
Prevalence of hypertension in Mexico City and San Antonio, Texas.
Haffner, S. M., Villalpando, C. G., Hazuda, H. P., Valdez, R., Mykkänen, L. M., & D, M. P. S. M. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.3.1542 · Cited by 41
Integration of Data from NIPPON DATA80/90 and National Nutrition Survey in Japan: For Cohort Studies of Representative Japanese on Nutrition
Okuda, N., Miura, K., Yoshita, K., Matsumura, Y., Okayama, A., Nakamura, Y., Okamura, T., Saitoh, S., Sakata, K., Ojima, T., et al. (2010) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20090218 · Cited by 41
Equivalence salting and temporal dominance of sensations analysis for different sodium chloride substitutes in cream cheese
da Silva, T. L. T., de Souza, V. R., Pinheiro, A. C. M., Nunes, C. A., & Freire, T. V. M. (2013) · International Journal of Dairy Technology · doi:10.1111/1471-0307.12100 · Cited by 41
Dietary Calcium Lowers the Age‐Related Rise in Blood Pressure in the United States: The NHANES III Survey
Hajjar, I. M., Grim, C. E., & Kotchen, T. A. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2003.00963.x · Cited by 41
Diet and coronary heart disease
Shrapnel, W. S., Calvert, G. D., Nestel, P. J., & Truswell, A. S. (1992) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb121590.x · Cited by 41
Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis
Kwon, Y., Lee, H. S., Park, G., & Lee, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1053585 · Cited by 41
Stakeholder Discussion to Reduce Population-Wide Sodium Intake and Decrease Sodium in the Food Supply
Antman, E. M., Appel, L. J., Balentine, D. A., Johnson, R. K., Steffen, L. M., Miller, E. A., Pappas, A., Stitzel, K. F., Vafiadis, D. K., & Whitsel, L. P. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000051 · Cited by 40
Association of dietary calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium intake and hypertension: a study on an 8-year dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Wabo, T. M. C., Wu, X., Sun, C., Boah, M., Nkondjock, V. R. N., Kosgey, J. C., Amporfro, D. A., & Shah, I. (2022) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2022.16.1.74 · Cited by 40

Authors: Scally, G.
Corresponding author: Scally, Gabriel
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1988-07-30
Volume: 297
Issue: 6644
Pages: 319-328
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319
PMC: PMC1834069
OpenAlex: W1481480932
Cited by: 2,213
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 106 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 90
FWCI: 40.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
Keywords: sodium excretion, potassium excretion, blood pressure, salt sensitivity, Na+/K+ ratio, age-related blood pressure increase, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension prevalence
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Blood Pressure, Body Height, Body Weight, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Potassium, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Sodium, Statistics as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks