The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impact of breast feeding on admission for pneumonia during postneonatal period in Brazil: nested case-control study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether breast feeding protects infants against pneumonia and whether the protection varies with age. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Pelotas, southern Brazil. SUBJECTS: Cases were 152 infants aged 28-364 days who had been admitted to hospital for pneumonia. Controls were 2391 cases in a population based case-control study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Odds ratio of admission for pneumonia according to type of milk consumed (breast milk alone, breast and formula milk, or formula milk and other fluids only), use of fluid supplements apart from formula milk, and use of solid supplements. RESULTS: Infants who were not being breast fed were 17 times more likely than those being breast fed without formula milk to be admitted to hospital for pneumonia (95% confidence interval 7.7 to 36.0). This relative risk was 61 (19.0 to 195.5) for children under 3 months old, decreasing to 10 (2.8 to 36. 2) thereafter. Supplementation with solids was associated with a relative risk of 13.4 (7.6 to 23.5) for all infants and 175 (21.8 to 1405.1) for those under 3 months old. CONCLUSION: Breast feeding protects young children against pneumonia, especially in the first months of life. These results may be used for targeting intervention campaigns at the most vulnerable age groups.
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Self-citationEVIDENCE FOR PROTECTION BY BREAST-FEEDING AGAINST INFANT DEATHS FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN BRAZIL
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Self-citationToward Consistency in Breastfeeding Definitions
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Cited by
Ezzati, M., & Kammen, D. M. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.021101057 · Cited by 503
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Respiratory Distress of the Term Newborn Infant
Edwards, M. O., Kotecha, S. J., & Kotecha, S. (2013) · Paediatric Respiratory Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2012.02.002 · Cited by 356
Qualidade e eqüidade da atenção ao pré-natal e ao parto em Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil
Neumann, N. A., Tanaka, O. Y., Victora, C. G., & Cesar, J. A. (2003) · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · doi:10.1590/s1415-790x2003000400005 · Cited by 36
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Metadata
- Authors
- César, J. A., Victora, C. G., Barros, F. C., Santos, I. S., & Flores, J. A.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1999-05-15
- Volume
- 318
- Issue
- 7194
- Pages
- 1316-1320
- ISSN
- 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- OpenAlex
- W2100177144
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 17
- FWCI
- 9.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- César, J. A., Victora, C. G., Barros, F. C., Santos, I. S., & Flores, J. A. (1999). Impact of breast feeding on admission for pneumonia during postneonatal period in Brazil: nested case-control study. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7194.1316
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