Socioeconomic variations in responses to chest pain: qualitative study
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To explore and explain socioeconomic variations in perceptions of and behavioural responses to chest pain. Design: Qualitative interviews. Setting: Community based study in Glasgow, Scotland. Participants: 30 respondents (15 men and 15 women) from a socioeconomically deprived area of Glasgow and 30 respondents (15 men and 15 women) from an affluent area of Glasgow. Outcome measures: Participants' reports of their perceptions of and actions in response to chest pain. Results: Residents of the deprived area reported greater perceived vulnerability to heart disease, stemming from greater exposure to heart disease in family members and greater identification with high risk groups and stereotypes of cardiac patients. This greater perceived vulnerability was not associated with more frequent reporting of presenting to a general practitioner. People from the deprived area reported greater exposure to ill health, which allowed them to normalise their chest pain, led to confusion with other conditions, and gave rise to a belief that they were overusing medical services. These factors were associated with a reported tendency not to present with chest pain. Anxiety about presenting among respondents in the deprived area was heightened by self blame and fear that they would be chastised by their general practitioner for their risk behaviours. Conclusions: Important socioeconomic variations in responses to chest pain may contribute to the known inequities in uptake of secondary cardiology services. Primary care professionals and health promoters should be aware of the ways in which perceptions of symptoms and illness behaviour are shaped by social and cultural factors.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The extent to which people feel alienated from the cultural values of health services and their satisfaction with services have important implications for which services they choose to use.
“In addition, the extent to which people feel alienated from the cultural values of health services and their satisfaction with services have important implications for which services they choose to use [41,55].”
From Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups (2006) · cites this paper as [41]
The Experience of illness section links negative experiences, low expectations and social alignment with patients’ responses to care. The Discussion links past health-care experiences to decisions that may affect uptake of cardiology services. The paper examines whether people present with chest pain, not how alienation from health-service values or satisfaction determines which services they choose. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Kuulasmaa, K., Mähönen, M., Tolonen, H., & Ruokokoski, E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04021-0 · Cited by 1,444 · see citing works
Blaxter, M. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203393000 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
Self-administration of a questionnaire on chest pain and intermittent claudication.
Rose, G., McCartney, P., & Reid, D. D. (1977) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.31.1.42 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Richards, H., & Emslie, C. (2000) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/17.1.71 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationPayne, N., & Saul, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7076.257 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Using the WHO (Rose) Angina Questionnaire in Cardiovascular Epidemiology
Cook, D. G., Shaper, A. G., & Macfarlane, P. W. (1989) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/18.3.607 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Butler, C., Pill, R., & Stott, N. C. H. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7148.1878 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Gardner, K., Chapple, A., & Green, J. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7207.418 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Barriers to uptake of services for coronary heart disease: qualitative study
Tod, A. M., Read, C., Lacey, A., & Abbott, J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7306.214 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Coronary revascularisation: why do rates vary geographically in the UK?
Black, N. A., Langham, S., & Petticrew, M. P. (1995) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.49.4.408 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The cardiac patients perception of his heart attack
Cowie, B. (1976) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/0037-7856(76)90059-7 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
MacLeod, M. C. M., Finlayson, A. R., Pell, J. P., & Findlay, I. N. (1999) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.81.3.252 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Richards, H., McConnachie, A., Morrison, C. E., Murray, K. J., & Watt, G. C. M. (2000) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.54.9.714 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationHart, C., Watt, G. C. M., Smith, G. D., Gillis, C. R., & Hawthorne, V. M. (1997) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/26.3.508 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationAnnual report of the registrar-general of births, deaths, and marriages in England and Wales
Great Britain. General Register Office, & Great Britain. His Majesty's Stationery Office (1903) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Why do men and women respond differently to chest pain? A qualitative study.
Richards, H. M., Reid, M. E., & Watt, G. C. M. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiovascular disease in Edinburgh and North Glasgow—A tale of two cities
Smith, W. C. S., Shewry, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Crombie, I. K., & Tavendale, R. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90033-l · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Basic Readings in Medical Sociology
Stacey, M., Tuckett, D., & Kaufert, J. M. (1980) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/590091 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Concepts of Health and Illness
Nordenfelt, L. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470510544.ch73 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Gardner K, Chapple A. Barriers to referral in patients with angina: quali- tative study. BMJ 1999;319:418-21.
- Rogers A, Hassell K, Nicolaas G. How the experience of illness and serv- ice use shapes help seeking. In: Demanding patients. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1999.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dixon-Woods, M., Cavers, D., Agarwal, S., Annandale, E., Arthur, A., Harvey, J., Hsu, R., Katbamna, S., Olsen, R., Smith, L., et al. (2006) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-35 · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
Men and health help‐seeking behaviour: literature review
Galdas, P. M., Cheater, F., & Marshall, P. (2005) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03331.x · Cited by 1,739 · see citing works
Foster, H. M. E., Celis-Morales, C. A., Nicholl, B. I., Petermann-Rocha, F., Pell, J. P., Gill, J. M. R., O'Donnell, C. A., & Mair, F. S. (2018) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30200-7 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Ethnicity, socio-economic position and gender—do they affect reported health—care seeking behaviour?
Adamson, J., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., Chaturvedi, N., & Donovan, J. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00458-6 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Morgan, C., Mallett, R., Hutchinson, G. A., & Leff, J. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00233-8 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Equity in access to total joint replacement of the hip and knee in England: cross sectional study
Judge, A., Welton, N. J., Sandhu, J., & Ben‐Shlomo, Y. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c4092 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Rothman, J. P., Burcharth, J., Pommergaard, H., Viereck, S., & Rosenberg, J. (2016) · Digestive Surgery · doi:10.1159/000445505 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Is greater patient choice consistent with equity? The case of the English NHS
Dixon, A., & Grand, J. L. (2006) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1258/135581906777641668 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Women, men and coronary heart disease: a review of the qualitative literature
Emslie, C. (2005) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03509.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Meaning out of chaos: a way to understand chronic pain
Bullington, J., Nordemar, R., Nordemar, K., & Sjöström‐Flanagan, C. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1046/j.0283-9318.2003.00244.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Rural/urban differences in accounts of patients’ initial decisions to consult primary care
Farmer, J., Iversen, L., Campbell, N. C., Guest, C., Chesson, R. A., Deans, G., & MacDonald, J. (2005) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.11.007 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural history, health care seeking, and quality of life
Eslick, G. D. (2004) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00125-0 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Is the NHS equitable?: a review of the evidence
Dixon, A., Grand, J. L., Henderson, J. B., Murray, R. F., & Poteliakhoff, E. (2003) · London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Whitaker, K. L., Macleod, U., Winstanley, K., Scott, S. E., & Wardle, J. (2015) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp15x683533 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Ashworth, M. J., Lloyd, D. C., Smith, R. S., Wagner, A., & Rowlands, G. (2006) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdl068 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Albarran, J. W., Clarke, B. A., & Crawford, J. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01777.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mackenzie, M., Turner, F., Platt, S. D., Reid, M., Yingying, W., Clark, J. S., Sridharan, S., & O’Donnell, C. A. (2011) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-350 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationCristino, J. S., Salazar, G. K. M., Machado, V. A., Honorato, E. J. S., de Farias, A. S., Vissoci, J. R. N., Neto, A. V. D. S., Lacerda, M., Wen, F. H., Monteiro, W. M., et al. (2021) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009245 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
What's Wrong With Me? Women's Coronary Heart Disease Diagnostic Experiences
McSweeney, J. C., Lefler, L. L., & Crowder, B. F. (2005) · Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.0889-7204.2005.04447.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Wenger, L. M. (2011) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988311409022 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Purdy, S., Griffin, T., Salisbury, C., & Sharp, D. (2011) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2010.07.006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Yamazaki, S., Fukuhara, S., & Suzukamo, Y. (2005) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2004.07.014 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Barnes, E. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.001.0001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Korda, R., Clements, M., & Kelman, C. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-460 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Men, Masculinities and Heart Disease
Emslie, C., & Hunt, K. (2009) · Current Sociology · doi:10.1177/0011392108099161 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Rahman, M. A., Spurrier, N. J., Mahmood, M. A., Rahman, M. A., Choudhury, S. R., & Leeder, S. (2012) · Indian Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2012.09.008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Fatalism and short‐termism as cultural barriers to cardiac rehabilitation among underprivileged men
Savage, M., Dumas, A., & Stuart, S. A. (2013) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12040 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Paracervical Block in Incomplete Abortion Using Manual Vacuum Aspiration: Randomized Clinical Trial
Gómez-Sánchez, P. I., Gaitán, H., Nova, C., & Paradas, A. (2004) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000123269.86525.c4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
McComb, J. M., Plummer, C., Cunningham, M. W., & Cunningham, D. (2009) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eup264 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Malignant melanoma: gender patterns in care seeking for suspect marks
Hajdarević, S., Schmitt‐Egenolf, M., Brulin, C., Sundbom, E., & Hörnsten, Å. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03788.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
O’Brien, P., Bunzli, S., Lin, I. B., Bessarab, D. C., Coffin, J., Dowsey, M. M., & Choong, P. (2021) · ANZ Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/ans.16557 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sense making of clinical governance at different levels in NHS hospital trusts
Som, C. V. (2009) · Clinical Governance An International Journal · doi:10.1108/14777270910952252 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Monnickendam, M., Monnickendam, S. M., Katz, C., & Katan, J. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.033 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Investigation and management of chest pain
Fox, K. F. (2004) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2003.031062 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
How can socioeconomic inequalities in hospital admissions be explained? A cohort study
McCartney, G., Hart, C., & Watt, G. C. M. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002433 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationAddressing the inverse care law in cardiac services
Langham, S., Basnett, I., McCartney, P., Normand, C. E. M., Pickering, J., Sheers, D., & Thorogood, M. (2003) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdg054 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Walton, E., Ahmed, A., Burton, C. D., & Mathers, N. J. (2018) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp18x699785 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Unmet needs across Europe: Disclosing knowledge beyond the ordinary measure
Ramos, L. M., Quintal, C., Lourenço, Ó. D., & Antunes, M. (2019) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.09.013 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Social Science Perspectives: A Failure of the Sociological Imagination
Morgan, C., & Kleinman, A. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470684214.ch5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Exploring gender and socioeconomic differences in treatment of coronary heart disease
Manderbacka, K. (2005) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki050 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sekhri, N., Timmis, A., Hemingway, H., Walsh, N., Eldridge, S. M., Junghans, C., & Feder, G. S. (2012) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001025 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wechkunanukul, K. H., Ullah, S., & Beilby, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031516 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Steel, N., Hardcastle, A. C., Bachmann, M. O., Richards, S. H., Mounce, L. T. A., Clark, A., Lang, I., Melzer, D. R., & Campbell, J. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005530 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Patients' descriptions of angina symptoms: a qualitative study of primary care patients
Jones, M. M., Somerville, C., Feder, G. S., & Foster, G. (2010) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp10x532378 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Patient preferences for treatment for angina: An overview of findings from three studies
Bowling, A., Reeves, B., & Rowe, G. (2008) · Journal of Health Services Research and Policy · doi:10.1258/jhsrp.2008.008012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Research methods: Beyond the clinical trial
Goodacre, S. W. (2003) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1067/mem.2003.235 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mechanisms of pain in aging and age-related conditions: Focus on caregivers
Presto, P., Sehar, U., Kopel, J. J., & Reddy, P. H. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102249 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Evans, L., van Woerden, H. C., Davies, G., & Fone, D. L. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011656 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Older people as health service consumers 3: obstacles to access in the village
Bentley, J. (2003) · British Journal of Community Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjcn.2003.8.3.11099 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Schröder, S. L., Fink, A. M., Hoffmann, L., Schumann, N., Martin, O., Frantz, S., & Richter, M. (2017) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckx147 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
Saucedo, C., & Do, N. (2022) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2022.3.56639 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Alkholy, R., Lovell, K., Bee, P., & Pedley, R. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100440 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Clinical skills: history taking in cardiac patients
Tagney, J., & Younker, J. (2012) · British Journal of Cardiac Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjca.2012.7.12.588 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Navas, A., Guzman, B., Hassan, A., Borawski, J. B., Harrison, D., Manandhar, P., Erkanli, A., & Limkakeng, A. T. (2022) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2021.8.52231 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kirby, J., Dolendo, M., Guimera, D., Castillo, C., Johnson, K. M., Mzayek, F., Nolan, V. G., Relyea, G. E., & Caniza, M. A. (2013) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.24836 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hermida, P. A. C., Baquero, D. R., & Ruiz-Sternberg, J. E. (2018) · Revista Colombiana de Cirugía · doi:10.30944/20117582.56 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Skills in taking an accurate cardiac patient history
Tagney, J. (2008) · British Journal of Cardiac Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjca.2008.3.1.27994 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Why People Use Primary Care Health Services. Do We Really Need More Research?
Wyke, S. (2003) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1177/135581960300800111 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Too little, too late: Socioeconomic disparities in the experience of women living with diabetes
Nicklett, E. J., & Damiano, S. K. (2014) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/1473325014522572 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jesmin, N. (2017) · Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.3329/bjog.v31i2.34213 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Krahn, T. M., & Outram, S. M. (2012) · International Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.3149/jmh.1102.107 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bowling, A., Reeves, B. C., & Rowe, G. (2010) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/qshc.2008.029975 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ahmed, S. (2019) · City Research Online (City University London) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tagney, J. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470775127.ch3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
OTHER ARTICLES NOTED (Nov 01 to 18 Oct 02)
(2003) · Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/ebn.6.1.e1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Farquharson, B. (2007) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Walton, E. (2015) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Peate, I. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470697801.ch1
Poverty and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Weaver, W. D., & Maynard, C. C. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00396-6
Is access to and use of Exercise Referral Schemes equitable
Sowden, S. L. (2009) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Baxter, S. M. (2006) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
pain equitable by age, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status? An enhanced ecological analysis
Sekhri, N., Timmis, A., Hemingway, H., Walsh, N., Eldridge, S. M., Junghans, C., & Feder, G. S. (2012)
Sonker, S. K., Jain, R., & Barle, P. (2019) · Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences · doi:10.14260/jemds/2019/47
Pain Treatment On Trauma Patient In Dr.Soetomo General Hospital Emergency Room
Amaliin, K., Nurrahmah, A., Rehatta, N. M., & Effendi, C. (2019) · Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation · doi:10.20473/ijar.v1i12019.13-18
McGee, M. (2020) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
(2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470693742.refs
Ameliorative Skepticism and the Nature of Health
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.003.0006
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.003.0003
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.003.0002
Health, Subjectivity, and Capability
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.003.0004
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.002.0004
Ameliorative Skepticism, Shifting Standards, and the Measure of Health
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.003.0007
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.002.0003
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.003.0001
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.002.0006
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.003.0005
Barnes, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192883476.003.0008
Using the Candidacy Model to Understand Service Users’ Experiences of Access to Social Prescribing
Unwin, P. F., Burnside, C., Evans, N., & Howie, F. (2026) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1155/hsc/6687580
- Authors
- Richards, H. M., Reid, M. E., & Watt, G. C. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Richards, Helen Mary
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2002-06-01
- Volume
- 324
- Issue
- 7349
- Pages
- 1308
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC113767
- OpenAlex
- W2085820185
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (047007)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- chest pain, socioeconomic disparities, health disparities, illness behavior, help-seeking, helplessness, self-blame, primary care, underserved areas, Glasgow
- MeSH terms
- Chest Pain, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Physician-Patient Relations, Poverty, Scotland, Self Concept, Social Class
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
