Cited by 1,653COVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 epidemiological studies

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Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death

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Jordan, Rachel E, Adab, Peymane, Cheng, K K·2020·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.m1198

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A long list is emerging from largely unadjusted analyses, with age near the top

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Mobile Health Apps That Help With COVID-19 Management: Scoping Review
Singh, H. J. L., Couch, D., & Yap, K. Y. (2020) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/20596 · Cited by 166
“Older adults and individuals with comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular problems are more susceptible and can manifest more severe symptoms when infected [4].”
Background
Challenges posed by COVID‐19 to people who inject drugs and lessons from other outbreaks
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“conditions, severe obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney or liver disease are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 [6-8].”
Background
Idosos no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil: efeitos nas condições de saúde, renda e trabalho
Romero, D. E., Muzy, J., Damacena, G. N., de Souza, N. A., de Almeida, W. D. S., Szwarcwald, C. L., Malta, D. C., Barros, M. B. D. A., Júnior, P. R. B. D. S., Azevedo, L. O., et al. (2021) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00216620 · Cited by 160
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Sport in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: towards an agenda for research in the sociology of sport
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“Much has been made of the notion that the virus ‘does not discriminate,’ and yet similarly much of the wider discourse surrounding the virus has focussed upon the heightened risk of mortality to several specific groups, such as older adults, pregnant women and those with ‘underlying health problems’ (some of which mig…”
Background
Contingent assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine
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“This, especially considering that COVID19 could be perceived as ‘‘catastrophic” due to the health costs and the increased risk of death of vulnerable people (older adults and people with pre-existing chronic diseases), according to the results of [20,21]; in addition to the high social and economic cost of this diseas…”
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Smoking is associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 particularly among younger adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Perceived Job Insecurity and Depressive Symptoms among Italian Dentists: The Moderating Role of Fear of COVID-19
Gasparro, R., Scandurra, C., Maldonato, N. M., Dolce, P., Bochicchio, V., Valletta, A., Sammartino, G., Sammartino, P., Mariniello, M., di Lauro, A. E., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155338 · Cited by 146
“Thus, these studies seem to highlight that a younger age may represent a psychological risk factor increasing the likelihood of developing depressive sy ptoms during epidemics, in contrast to an older age, which is an objective risk factor for a greater severity and mortality [34].”
Background
Equity as both a means and an end: Lessons for resilient food systems from COVID-19
Klassen, S., & Murphy, S. (2020) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105104 · Cited by 143
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“This is surprising given that men, ethnic minorities, the oldest-old, and individuals with lower education and preexisting health conditions are all at greater risk of dying from COVID-19 complications (Drefahl et al., 2020; Jordan et al., 2020).”
Background
COVID-19: Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Manifestations
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Chadeau‐Hyam, M., Bodinier, B., Elliott, J., Whitaker, M. D., Tzoulaki, I., Vermeulen, R. C. H., Kelly‐Irving, M., Delpierre, C., & Elliott, P. (2020) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa134 · Cited by 137
“In order to account for a potential bias in the decision to test and heterogeneity among the participants who tested negative, some of whom may have had illnesses other than COVID-19, we adopted test-negative case-control design, 16 modelling the risk of testing positive conditional on being tested.”
Influential
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van Zandvoort, K., Jarvis, C. I., Pearson, C. A. B., Davies, N. G. M., CMMID COVID-19 working group, Nightingale, E., Munday, J. D., Gimma, A., Roselló, A., Villabona‐Arenas, C. J., et al. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01789-2 · Cited by 142
“In high-income countries, the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been shown to increase with age and prevalence of various comorbidities [26] [27] [28] .”
Background
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“10 (cid:1) 16,27 If recent trends continue, nearly 50% of adults in the United States will be obese, and 60% of all adults worldwide will be overweight and obese, by 2030.”
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“Although all population groups may be at risk of contracting SARSCoV-2, the risk of mortality associated with COVID-19 is higher in people over 60 years of age, and in population groups with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and kidney disease (Caramelo et al., 2020…”
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“Thus, ageadjustment provides precise estimation for the base CFR, as age is one of the risk factors for severe COVID-19.(13) This study has limitations.”
BackgroundInfluential
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BackgroundInfluential
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SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An overview
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“In a number of descriptive studies, the infected persons who died were most frequently older than 70 years, males, hypertensive, diabetics, and affected by serious comorbidities such as congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases or renal diseases (Garg et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020; Patel and V…”
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Occupation and risk of severe COVID-19: prospective cohort study of 120,075 UK Biobank participantsPreprint
Mutambudzi, M. S., Niedzwiedz, C. L., Macdonald, E. B., Leyland, A. H., Mair, F. S., Anderson, J. J., Celis-Morales, C. A., Cleland, J. G. F., Forbes, J., Gill, J. M. R., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.05.22.20109892 · Cited by 109
“First, risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection is likely due to higher potential exposure (3), while risk of mortality may be further shaped by demographic, health, and socioeconomic factors (35,36).”
Background

Authors: Jordan, R. E., Adab, P., & Cheng, K. K.
Affiliations: University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author: Jordan, Rachel E
ORCID: Jordan, Rachel E
Cheng, K K
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2020-03-26
Volume: 368
Pages: m1198
ISSN: 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1198
OpenAlex: W3012690941
Cited by: 1,653
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 166 · 2022: 336 · 2021: 552 · 2020: 456
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, risk factors, severe illness, mortality, age
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics

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Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death

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