Risk Factors for Severity in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Open accessAbstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. The authors performed a comprehensive literature review to identify the underlying mechanisms and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children. Children have accounted for 1.7% to 2% of the diagnosed cases of COVID-19. They often have milder disease than adults, and child deaths have been rare. The documented risk factors for severe disease in children are young age and underlying comorbidities. It is unclear whether male gender and certain laboratory and imaging findings are also risk factors. Reports on other potential factors have not been published.
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Although Covid-19 is generally milder in children than in adults, severe illness and long-term complications, including MIS-C, can occur after primary infection.
“Although Covid-19 is generally milder in children than in adults, severe illness and long-term complications, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), can occur after the primary infection.8,9”
From Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
Although children and adolescents generally have milder Covid-19 than adults, severe illness can occur in this population, especially in those with underlying medical conditions.
“Although children and adolescents generally have milder Covid-19 than adults, severe illness can occur in this population, especially in those with underlying medical conditions.11”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
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Clinical Epidemiology of Paediatric COVID-19 Delta Variant Cases from North Sumatra, IndonesiaPreprint
Kusumawati, R. L., Lubis, I. N. D., Kumaheri, M. A., Pradipta, A., Faksri, K., Mutiara, M., Shankar, A. H., & Tania, T. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3935668
Botti, C., Maglione, A., Russo, A., Micillo, A., Scognamiglio, G., & Cantile, M. (2021) · PubMed Central
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Risso, A., Chiaborelli, M., & Ciapponi, A. (2022) · Evidencia actualizacion en la práctica ambulatoria · doi:10.51987/evidencia.v25i1.6997
Cecula, P., & Zimianiti, I. (2021) · InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice · doi:10.1177/17557380211021002
The Effect of Vitamin D Levels in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Kan, A., Türe, M., Akın, A., Yılmaz, K., Sürücü, M., Ünal, E., Şen, V., & Üzel, V. H. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1749372
Garba, M. A., Mohammed, A. A., Mohammed, A. J., Musa, S., & Rufai, H. A. (2022) · Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences. · doi:10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_26_21
- Authors
- Tsabouri, S., Makis, A., Kosmeri, C., & Siomou, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Ioannina (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Tsabouri, Sophia
- Venue
- Pediatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 321-338
- ISSN
- 0031-3955 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7392074
- OpenAlex
- W3108780055
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pediatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, pediatric COVID-19, disease severity, risk factors, comorbidities, age, sex differences, laboratory findings, imaging findings
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Coronavirus, Disease Progression, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Coinfection
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