Cited by 113SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesCOVID-19 epidemiological studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

Open access

Bartoszko, Jessica J, Siemieniuk, Reed AC, Kum, Elena, Qasim, Anila, Zeraatkar, Dena, Martinez, Juan Pablo Diaz, Azab, Maria, Ibrahim, Sara, Izcovich, Ariel, Soto, Gonzalo Bravo, Roldan, Yetiani, Agarwal, Arnav, Agoritsas, Thomas, Chu, Derek K, Couban, Rachel, Devji, Tahira, Foroutan, Farid, Ghadimi, Maryam, Honarmand, Kimia, Khamis, Assem, Lamontagne, Francois, Loeb, Mark, McLeod, Shelley L, Motaghi, Sharhzad, Murthy, Srinivas, Mustafa, Reem A, Rochwerg, Bram, Switzer, Charlotte, Thabane, Lehana, Vandvik, Per O, Vernooij, Robin WM, Wang, Ying, Yao, Liang, Guyatt, Gordon H, Brignardello-Petersen, Romina·2021·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.n949PMC PMC8073806

Published version of a preprint

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Updates: This is the second version (first update) of the living systematic review, replacing the previous version (available as a data supplement). When citing this paper please consider adding the version number and date of access for clarity. Objective: To determine and compare the effects of drug prophylaxis on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Design: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). Data sources: WHO covid-19 database, a comprehensive multilingual source of global covid-19 literature to 4 March 2022. Study selection: Randomised trials in which people at risk of covid-19 were allocated to prophylaxis or no prophylaxis (standard care or placebo). Pairs of reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles. Methods: After duplicate data abstraction, we conducted random-effects bayesian network meta-analysis. We assessed risk of bias of the included studies using a modification of the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: The second iteration of this living NMA includes 32 randomised trials which enrolled 25 147 participants and addressed 21 different prophylactic drugs; adding 21 trials (66%), 18 162 participants (75%) and 16 (76%) prophylactic drugs. Of the 16 prophylactic drugs analysed, none provided convincing evidence of a reduction in the risk of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. For admission to hospital and mortality outcomes, no prophylactic drug proved different than standard care or placebo. Hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc probably increase the risk of adverse effects leading to drug discontinuation—risk difference for hydroxychloroquine (RD) 6 more per 1000 (95% credible interval (CrI) 2 more to 10 more); for vitamin C combined with zinc, RD 69 more per 1000 (47 more to 90 more), moderate certainty evidence. Conclusion: Much of the evidence remains very low certainty and we therefore anticipate future studies evaluating drugs for prophylaxis may change the results for SARS-CoV-2 infection, admission to hospital and mortality outcomes. Both hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc probably increase adverse effects. Systematic review registration: This review was not registered. The protocol established a priori is included as a supplement. Funding: This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant CIHR-IRSC:0579001321).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.n949

Cites

91 of 91 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

3 retracted

WITHDRAWN: Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 PandemicPreprint
Elgazzar, A. G., Hani, B. M., Youssef, S. A., Hafez, M., Moussa, H. H., & El-Taweel, A. I. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-100956/v2 · Cited by 24
Retracted
WITHDRAWN: Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic
Elgazzar, A., Eltaweel, A., Youssef, S. A., Hany, B., Hafez, M., & Moussa, H. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-100956/v3 · Cited by 17
Retracted
RETRACTED: Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel prophylactic nasal spray in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.
Balmforth, D., Swales, J. A., Silpa, L., Dunton, A. W., Davies, K. E., Davies, S. G., Kamath, A., Gupta, J., Gupta, S., Masood, M. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105248 · Cited by 14
Retracted
RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Sterne, J. A. C., Savović, J., Page, M. J., Elbers, R. G., Blencowe, N. S., Boutron, I., Cates, C. J., Cheng, H.-Y., Corbett, M. S., Eldridge, S. M., et al. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l4898 · Cited by 34,787
The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations
Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2385 · Cited by 8,269
GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence—study limitations (risk of bias)
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Alonso-Coello, P., Montori, V., Akl, E. A., Djulbegovic, B., & Falck-Ytter, Y. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017 · Cited by 2,798
Self-citation
Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA
Chaimani, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Mavridis, D., Spyridonos, P., & Salanti, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076654 · Cited by 2,473
A GRADE Working Group approach for rating the quality of treatment effect estimates from network meta-analysis
Puhan, M. A., Schunemann, H. J., Murad, M. H., Li, T., Brignardello-Petersen, R., Singh, J. A., Kessels, A. G., Guyatt, G. H., & for the GRADE Working Group (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g5630 · Cited by 1,812
Self-citation
A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19
Boulware, D. R., Pullen, M. F., Bangdiwala, A. S., Pastick, K. A., Lofgren, S. M., Okafor, E. C., Skipper, C. P., Nascene, A. A., Nicol, M. R., Abassi, M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2016638 · Cited by 1,349
A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19 (2020-2023)
Agarwal, A., Hunt, B. J., Stegemann, M., Rochwerg, B., Lamontagne, F., Siemieniuk, R. A., Agoritsas, T., Askie, L., Lytvyn, L., Leo, Y.-S., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m3379 · Cited by 1,041
Self-citation
The GRADE Working Group clarifies the construct of certainty of evidence
Hultcrantz, M., Rind, D., Akl, E. A., Treweek, S., Mustafa, R. A., Iorio, A., Alper, B. S., Meerpohl, J. J., Murad, M. H., Ansari, M. T., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.05.006 · Cited by 853
Self-citation
Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis
Siemieniuk, R. A., Bartoszko, J. J., Zeraatkar, D., Kum, E., Qasim, A., Díaz Martinez, J. P., Izcovich, A., Rochwerg, B., Lamontagne, F., Han, M. A., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2980 · Cited by 846
Self-citation
Advances in the GRADE approach to rate the certainty in estimates from a network meta-analysis
Brignardello-Petersen, R., Bonner, A., Alexander, P. E., Siemieniuk, R. A., Furukawa, T. A., Rochwerg, B., Hazlewood, G. S., Alhazzani, W., Mustafa, R. A., Murad, M. H., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.005 · Cited by 753
Self-citation
Development of the instrument to assess the credibility of effect modification analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses
Schandelmaier, S., Briel, M., Varadhan, R., Schmid, C. H., Devasenapathy, N., Hayward, R. A., Gagnier, J., Borenstein, M., van der Heijden, G. J. M. G., Dahabreh, I. J., et al. (2020) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.200077 · Cited by 749
Self-citation
Automated generation of node‐splitting models for assessment of inconsistency in network meta‐analysis
van Valkenhoef, G., Dias, S., Ades, A. E., & Welton, N. J. (2015) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1167 · Cited by 699
Intramuscular AZD7442 (Tixagevimab–Cilgavimab) for Prevention of Covid-19
Levin, M. J., Ustianowski, A., Wit, S. D., Launay, O., Avila, M., Templeton, A., Yuan, Y., Seegobin, S., Ellery, A., Levinson, D. J., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2116620 · Cited by 694
Living systematic review: 1. Introduction-the why, what, when, and how
Elliott, J. H., Synnot, A., Turner, T., Simmonds, M., Akl, E. A., McDonald, S., Salanti, G., Meerpohl, J., MacLehose, H., Hilton, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.08.010 · Cited by 655
Self-citation
Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination to Prevent Covid-19
O’Brien, M. P., Forleo‐Neto, E., Musser, B. J., Isa, F., Chan, K., Sarkar, N., Bar, K. J., Barnabas, R. V., Barouch, D. H., Cohen, M. S., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2109682 · Cited by 461
Machine learning for identifying Randomized Controlled Trials: An evaluation and practitioner's guide
Marshall, I. J., Noel‐Storr, A., Kuiper, J., Thomas, J., & Wallace, B. C. (2018) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1287 · Cited by 435
Predictive distributions for between‐study heterogeneity and simple methods for their application in Bayesian meta‐analysis
Turner, R. M., Jackson, D., Wei, Y., Thompson, S. G., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2015) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6381 · Cited by 410
Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulatory Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Thomas, S., Patel, D. R., Bittel, B. A., Wolski, K., Wang, Q., Kumar, A., Il’Giovine, Z. J., Mehra, R., McWilliams, C. S., Nissen, S. E., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0369 · Cited by 358
GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a minimally contextualised framework
Brignardello-Petersen, R., Florez, I. D., Izcovich, A., Santesso, N., Hazlewood, G., Alhazanni, W., Yepes-Nuñez, J. J., Tomlinson, G., Schünemann, H. J., & Guyatt, G. H. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m3900 · Cited by 320
Self-citation
Bayesian Random-Effects Meta-Analysis Using the bayesmeta R Package
Röver, C. (2020) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v093.i06 · Cited by 310
A Cluster-Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine for Prevention of Covid-19
Mitjà, O., Corbacho‐Monné, M., Ubals, M., Alemany, A., Suñer, C., Tebé, C., Tobı́as, A., Peñafiel, J., Ballana, E., Pérez, C. A., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2021801 · Cited by 271
Effect of Bamlanivimab vs Placebo on Incidence of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff of Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Cohen, M. S., Nirula, A., Mulligan, M. J., Novak, R. M., Marovich, M., Yen, C., Stemer, A., Mayer, S. M., Wohl, D., Brengle, B., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.8828 · Cited by 193
Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine vs Placebo for Pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2 Prophylaxis Among Health Care Workers
Abella, B. S., Jolkovsky, E. L., Biney, B. T., Uspal, J. E., Hyman, M. C., Frank, I., Hensley, S. E., Gill, S. I., Vogl, D. T., Maillard, I. P., et al. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6319 · Cited by 182
Hydroxychloroquine as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Trial
Rajasingham, R., Bangdiwala, A. S., Nicol, M. R., Skipper, C. P., Pastick, K. A., Axelrod, M. L., Pullen, M. F., Nascene, A. A., Williams, D. A., Engen, N. W., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1571 · Cited by 141
A living WHO guideline on drugs to prevent covid-19
Lamontagne, F., Stegemann, M. S., Agarwal, A., Agoritsas, T., Siemieniuk, R. A. C., Rochwerg, B. N., Bartoszko, J. J., Askie, L. M., Macdonald, H., AlMaslamani, M. A. R. S., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n526 · Cited by 135
Self-citation
Introduction to BMJ Rapid Recommendations
Siemieniuk, R. A., Agoritsas, T., Macdonald, H., Guyatt, G. H., Brandt, L., & Vandvik, P. O. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i5191 · Cited by 129
Self-citation
Remdesivir for severe covid-19: a clinical practice guideline
Rochwerg, B. N., Agarwal, A., Zeng, L., Leo, Y., Appiah, J. A., Agoritsas, T., Bartoszko, J. J., Brignardello‐Petersen, R., Ergan, B., Ge, L., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2924 · Cited by 117
Self-citation
Effect of a test-and-treat approach to vitamin D supplementation on risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection and covid-19: phase 3 randomised controlled trial (CORONAVIT)
Jolliffe, D. A., Holt, H., Greenig, M., Talaei, M., Perdek, N., Pfeffer, P., Vivaldi, G., Maltby, S., Symons, J., Barlow, N. L., et al. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-071230 · Cited by 113
Evaluation of silver nanoparticles for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers: In vitro and in vivo
Almanza-Reyes, H., Moreno, S., Plascencia-López, I., Alvarado-Vera, M., Patrón-Romero, L., Borrego, B., Reyes-Escamilla, A., Valencia-Manzo, D., Brun, A., Pestryakov, A., et al. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256401 · Cited by 102
Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Barnabas, R. V., Brown, E. R., Bershteyn, A., Karita, H. C. S., Johnston, C., Thorpe, L. E., Kottkamp, A. C., Neuzil, K. M., Laufer, M. K., Deming, M. E., et al. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-6519 · Cited by 92
Antiretrovirals for Primary HIV Prevention: the Current Status of Pre- and Post-exposure Prophylaxis
Krakower, D., Jain, S., & Mayer, K. H. (2015) · Current HIV/AIDS Reports · doi:10.1007/s11904-014-0253-5 · Cited by 88
Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: An open-label randomized trial
Seet, R. C. S., Quek, A. M. L., Ooi, D. S. Q., Sengupta, S., Lakshminarasappa, S. R., Koo, C. Y., So, J. B. Y., Goh, B. C., Loh, K. S., Fisher, D. A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035 · Cited by 86
Efficacy of a Nasal Spray Containing Iota-Carrageenan in the Postexposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Hospital Personnel Dedicated to Patients Care with COVID-19 Disease
Figueroa, J. M., Lombardo, M., Dogliotti, A., Flynn, L. P., Giugliano, R. P., Simonelli, G., Valentini, R. N., Ramos, A., Romano, P., Marcote, M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s328486 · Cited by 81
Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent COVID-19 in Frontline Healthcare Workers. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Villasís-Keever, M., López-Alarcón, M., Miranda-Novales, G., Zurita-Cruz, J., Barrada-Vázquez, A. S., González-Ibarra, J., Martínez-Reyes, M., Grajales-Muñiz, C., Santacruz-Tinoco, C., Martínez-Miguel, B., et al. (2022) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.04.003 · Cited by 81
Antibody and cellular therapies for treatment of covid-19: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis
Siemieniuk, R. A., Bartoszko, J. J., Díaz Martinez, J. P., Kum, E., Qasim, A., Zeraatkar, D., Izcovich, A., Mangala, S., Ge, L., Han, M. A., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n2231 · Cited by 79
Self-citation
Therapeutic potential of ivermectin as add on treatment in COVID 19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Padhy, B. M., Mohanty, R. R., Das, S., & Meher, B. R. (2020) · Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.18433/jpps31457 · Cited by 78
Zinc gluconate lozenges for common cold. A double-blind clinical trial
Weismann, K., Jakobsen, J.-E., Weismann, J. E., Hammer, U., Nyholm, S., Hansen, B., Lomholt, K. E., & Schmidt, K. (1990) · PubMed · doi:10.5281/zenodo.11544824 · Cited by 70
Living cumulative network meta-analysis to reduce waste in research: A paradigmatic shift for systematic reviews?
Vandvik, P. O., Brignardello-Petersen, R., & Guyatt, G. H. (2016) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0596-4 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Ramipril in High-Risk Patients With COVID-19
Amat-Santos, I. J., Santos‐Martínez, S., López‐Otero, D., y, L. N.-F., Gutiérrez, E., del Valle-Fernández, R., Muñoz-García, É., Díaz, V. A. J., Regueiro, A., González-Ferreiro, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.040 · Cited by 65
Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a randomized trialPreprint
Rajasingham, R., Bangdiwala, A., Nicol, M. R., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.09.18.20197327 · Cited by 64
gemtc: Network Meta-Analysis Using Bayesian Methods
van Valkenhoef, G., & Kuiper, J. (2012) · doi:10.32614/cran.package.gemtc · Cited by 64
Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Among Outpatient Clinical Trial Participants for COVID-19
Lofgren, S. M., Nicol, M. R., Bangdiwala, A. S., Pastick, K. A., Okafor, E. C., Skipper, C. P., Pullen, M. F., Engen, N. W., Abassi, M., Williams, D. A., et al. (2020) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa500 · Cited by 56
The efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 prophylaxis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Lewis, K. A., Chaudhuri, D., Alshamsi, F. E., Carayannopoulos, K. L., Dearness, K. L., Chagla, Z., Alhazzani, W. A., & for the GUIDE Group (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244778 · Cited by 49
Effects of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the Immune Response of Elderly Subjects to COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Fernández‐Ferreiro, A., Couceiro, F. J. F., Veiga-Gutierrez, R., Maldonado-Lobón, J. A., Hermida-Cao, A. M., Rodriguez, C., Bañuelos, Ó., Olivares, M. M., & Blanco-Rojo, R. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010228 · Cited by 42
Transfusing Convalescent Plasma as Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Double-Blinded, Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Trial
Shoham, S., Bloch, E. M., Casadevall, A., Hanley, D. F., Lau, B. M., Gebo, K. A., Cachay, E. R., Kassaye, S. G., Paxton, J. H., Gerber, J. M., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac372 · Cited by 42
Egg-Derived Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) With Broad Variant Activity as Intranasal Prophylaxis Against COVID-19
Frumkin, L. R., Lucas, M., Scribner, C. L., Ortega-Heinly, N., Rogers, J., Yin, G., Hallam, T. J., Yam, A. Y.-W., Bedard, K., Begley, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.899617 · Cited by 42
Evidence-based medicine in times of crisis
Djulbegović, B., & Guyatt, G. H. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.002 · Cited by 39
Self-citation
Use of Ivermectin as a Potential Chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 in Egypt: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Shouman, W., Hegazy, A. A., Nafae, R. M., Ragab, M. I., Samra, S. R., Ibrahim, D., AL-Mahrouky, T. H., & Sileem, A. E. (2021) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2021/46795.14529 · Cited by 34
Oropharyngeal Probiotic ENT-K12 Prevents Respiratory Tract Infections Among Frontline Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19: A Pilot Study
Wang, Q., Lin, X., Xiang, X., Liu, W., Fang, Y. Z., Chen, H., Tang, F. X., Guo, H., Chen, D., Hu, X., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.646184 · Cited by 33
Intensive Treatment With Ivermectin and Iota-Carrageenan as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 in Health Care Workers From Tucuman, Argentina
Chahla, R. E., Ruiz, L. M., Ortega, E. S., Morales, M. F., Barreiro, F., George, A., Mancilla, C., AMATO, S., Barrenechea, G. G., Goroso, D. G., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000001433 · Cited by 33
Efficacy of probiotic treatment as post-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19: A double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized trial
Wischmeyer, P. E., Tang, H., Ren, Y., Bohannon, L. M., Jiang, D., Bergens, M. A., Ramirez, Z. E., Andermann, T. M., Messina, J. A., Sung, J., et al. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.043 · Cited by 32
Repeat subcutaneous administration of casirivimab and imdevimab in adults is well-tolerated and prevents the occurrence of COVID-19
Isa, F., Forleo‐Neto, E., Meyer, J., Zheng, W., Rasmussen, S., Armas, D. R., Oshita, M. H., Brinson, C. C., Folkerth, S., Faria, L., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.045 · Cited by 31
Vitamin D Intake May Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Infection Morbidity in Health Care Workers
Каронова, Т. Л., Chernikova, A. T., Golovatyuk, K. A., Bykova, E. S., Grant, W. B., Kalinina, O., Grineva, E. N., & Shlyakhto, E. V. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030505 · Cited by 30
Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Grau-Pujol, B., Camprubí-Ferrer, D., Martí-Soler, H., Fernández-Pardos, M., Carreras‐Abad, C., Andrés, M. V., Ferrer, E., Muelas‐Fernandez, M., Jullien, S., Barilaro, G., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05758-9 · Cited by 27
Hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in health workers: A randomized clinical trial
Rojas‐Serrano, J., Portillo-Vasquez, A. M., Thirión-Romero, I. I., Vázquez-Pérez, J. A., Mejía-Nepomuceno, F., Ramírez‐Venegas, A., Pérez-Kawabe, K. M., & Pérez‐Padilla, R. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261980 · Cited by 24
Bromhexine Hydrochloride Prophylaxis of COVID-19 for Medical Personnel: A Randomized Open-Label Study
Mikhaylov, E. N., Lyubimtseva, T. A., Vakhrushev, A. D., Stepanov, D., Lebedev, D. S., Vasilieva, E., Конради, А. О., & Shlyakhto, E. V. (2022) · Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1155/2022/4693121 · Cited by 23
Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial
van Helmond, N., Brobyn, T. L., LaRiccia, P. J., Cafaro, T., Hunter, K. M., Roy, S., Bandomer, B., Ng, K. Q., Goldstein, H., Mitrev, L. V., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15010180 · Cited by 22
A RANDOMIZED TRIAL - INTENSIVE TREATMENT BASED IN IVERMECTIN AND IOTA-CARRAGEENAN AS PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS FOR COVID- 19 IN HEALTHCARE AGENTSPreprint
Chahla, R. E., Ruiz, L. M., Ortega, E. S., Morales, M. F., Barreiro, F., George, A., Mancilla, C., AMATO, S., Barrenechea, G. G., Goroso, D. G., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.21254398 · Cited by 20
Daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and hydroxychloroquine for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial in healthcare workers
Polo, R., García‐Albéniz, X., Terán, C., Morales, M., Rial‐Crestelo, D., Garcinuño, M. Á., Deltoro, M. G., Hita, C., Gómez-Sirvent, J. L., Buzón, L., et al. (2022) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.006 · Cited by 20
Hydroxychloroquine for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in health care workers: a randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes of Hydroxychloroquine (HERO-HCQ)
Naggie, S., Milstone, A. P., Castro, M., Collins, S. P., Lakshmi, S., Anderson, D. J., Cahuayme‐Zuniga, L., Turner, K. B., Cohen, L. W., Currier, J. S., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.019 · Cited by 20
Safety of Hydroxychloroquine among Outpatient Clinical Trial Participants for COVID-19Preprint
Lofgren, S. M., Nicol, M. R., Bangdiwala, A., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.16.20155531 · Cited by 19
Outcomes of Ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysisPreprint
Castañeda-Sabogal, A., Chambergo‐Michilot, D., Toro-Huamanchumo, C. J., Silva-Rengifo, C., Zamora, J. A. G., & Barboza, J. J. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.21250420 · Cited by 18
Evaluation of the effect of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 consumption in health care workers exposed to COVID-19
Rodríguez-Blanque, R., Sánchez-García, J. C., Vargas, Á. C., Quesada, A. A., Maldonado-Lobón, J. A., Olivares, M. M., & Blanco-Rojo, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.962566 · Cited by 18
Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal rinses with neutral electrolyzed water prevents COVID‑19 in front‑line health professionals: A randomized, open‑label, controlled trial in a general hospital in Mexico City
Gutiérrez‐García, R., la Cerda-Ángeles, J. C. D., Cabrera‐Licona, A., Delgado‐Enciso, I., Mervitch‐Sigal, N., & Paz-Michel, B. A. (2021) · Biomedical Reports · doi:10.3892/br.2021.1494 · Cited by 17
COVID-19 prophylaxis with doxycycline and zinc in health care workers: a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial
Stambouli, N., Driss, A., Gargouri, F., Bahrini, K., Arfaoui, B., Abid, R., Taamallah, K., Hannachi, S., Boughariou, S., Rebai, A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.016 · Cited by 17
Safety and tolerability of hydroxychloroquine in health care workers and first responders for the prevention of COVID-19: WHIP COVID-19 Study
McKinnon, J. E., Wang, D. D., Zervos, M., Saval, M., Marshall-Nightengale, L., Kilgore, P. E., Pabla, P., Szandzik, E. G., Maksimowicz‐McKinnon, K., & O’Neill, W. W. (2021) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.343 · Cited by 14
Melatonin in the Prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers (MeCOVID): A Randomised Clinical Trial
García-García, I., Seco-Meseguer, E., Ruíz-Seco, P., Jiménez, G. N., Martínez-Porqueras, R., Espinosa-Díaz, M., Ortega-Albás, J. J., Sagastagoitia-Fornie, I., García-Morales, M. T., Jiménez-González, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11041139 · Cited by 13
Prevention of COVID-19 with oral vitamin D supplemental therapy in essential healthcare teams (PROTECT): protocol for a multicentre, triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Ducharme, F. M., Tremblay, C. L., Golchi, S., Hosseini, B., Longo, C., White, J. H., Coviello, D., Quach, C., Ste‐Marie, L., & Platt, R. W. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064058 · Cited by 13
Randomized controlled trial transfusing convalescent plasma as post-exposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infectionPreprint
Shoham, S., Bloch, E. M., Casadevall, A., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.12.13.21267611 · Cited by 11
Hydroxychloroquine plus personal protective equipment versus personal protective equipment alone for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers: a multicentre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial from India
Vijayaraghavan, B. K. T., Jha, V., Rajbhandari, D., Myatra, S. N., Ghosh, A., Bhattacharya, A., Arfin, S., Bassi, A., Donaldson, L., Hammond, N. E., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059540 · Cited by 11
Bromhexine Hydrochloride Prophylaxis of COVID-19 for Medical Personnel: A Randomized Open-Label StudyPreprint
Mikhaylov, E. N., Lyubimtseva, T. A., Vakhrushev, A. D., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.03.21252855 · Cited by 10
Synbiotic for Prevention of SARS-Cov2 Infection in High Risk Hospital Staffs: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Ahanchian, H., Ranjbar, A., Reihani, H., Yazdi, A. P., Jafari, S. A., Kiani, M. A., Tafrishi, R., Haghi, N. M., Moazzen, N., Khalshour, A., et al. (2021) · Open Journal of Nursing · doi:10.4236/ojn.2021.115025 · Cited by 10
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With Various Doses of Hydroxychloroquine Among Healthcare Personnel With High-Risk Exposure to COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Syed, F., Arif, M. A., Niazi, R., Baqar, J. B., Hashmi, U. L., Batool, S., Ashraf, S., Arshad, J., & Musarrat, S. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.20572 · Cited by 10
Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: initial results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trialPreprint
Grau-Pujol, B., Camprubí-Ferrer, D., Martí-Soler, H., Fernández-Pardos, M., Carreras‐Abad, C., de Andrés, M. V., Ferrer, E., Muelas‐Fernandez, M., Jullien, S., Barilaro, G., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-350749/v1 · Cited by 9
Hydroxychloroquine for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in health care workers: a randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial (HERO-HCQ)Preprint
Naggie, S., Milstone, A. P., Castro, M., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.08.19.21262275 · Cited by 9
Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: initial results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trialPreprint
Grau-Pujol, B., Camprubí-Ferrer, D., Martí-Soler, H., Fernández-Pardos, M., Carreras‐Abad, C., Andrés, M. V., Ferrer, E., Muelas‐Fernandez, M., Jullien, S., Barilaro, G., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-72132/v1 · Cited by 9
Post-exposure Lopinavir-Ritonavir Prophylaxis versus Surveillance for Individuals Exposed to SARS-CoV-2: The COPEP Pragmatic Open-Label, Cluster Randomized Trial
Labhardt, N. D., Smit, M., Petignat, I., Perneger, T., Marinosci, A., Ustero, P., Ribeiro, M. P. D., Ragozzino, S., Nicoletti, G. J., Faré, P. B., et al. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101188 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Randomized clinical trial of nitazoxanide or sofosbuvir/daclatasvir for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Sokhela, S. M., Bosch, B., Hill, A. M., Simmons, B., Woods, J., Johnstone, H., Akpomiemie, G., Ellis, L., Owen, A., Casas, C. P., et al. (2022) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkac266 · Cited by 8
Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-Like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Clinical Trial
(2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.22280047 · Cited by 8
Repeat Subcutaneous Administration of REGEN-COV ® in Adults is Well-Tolerated and Prevents the Occurrence of COVID-19
(2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.21265889 · Cited by 6
Application of nasal spray containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol during the COVID-19 pandemic may protect healthcare workers: A randomized controlled trialsPreprint
Hosseinzadeh, A., Tavakolian, A., Kia, V., Ebrahimi, H., Sheibani, H., Binesh, E., Jafari, R., Mirrezaie, S. M., Jafarisani, M., & Emamian, M. H. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.21259749 · Cited by 5
Dietary nitrate supplementation for preventing and reducing the severity of winter infections, including COVID-19, in care homes (BEET-Winter): a randomised placebo-controlled feasibility trial
Bath, P. M., Skinner, C. J. C., Bath, C. S., Woodhouse, L. J., Korovesi, A. A. K., Long, H., Havard, D., Coleman, C. M., England, T. J., Leyland, V., et al. (2022) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-022-00714-5 · Cited by 5
Bromhexine, for Post Exposure COVID-19 Prophylaxis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Control TrialPreprint
Tolouian, R., Moradi, O., Mulla, Z. D., Ziaie, S., Haghighi, M., Esmaily, H., Amini, H., Hassanpour, R., Pourheidar, E., Kouchek, M., et al. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3989849 · Cited by 3
PRevention of COVID-19 with Oral Vitamin D supplemental Therapy in Essential healthCare Teams (PROTECT): Ancillary study of a randomised controlled trialPreprint
Hosseini, B., Tremblay, C. L., Longo, C., Golchi, S., White, J. H., Quach, C., Ste‐Marie, L., Platt, R. W., & Ducharme, F. M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1588325/v1 · Cited by 3
Efficacy of Probiotic Treatment as Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19: A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Randomized TrialPreprint
Wischmeyer, P. E., Tang, H., Ren, Y., Bohannon, L. M., Ramirez, Z. E., Andermann, T. M., Messina, J. A., Sung, J., Jensen, D., Jung, S., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1930760/v1 · Cited by 3
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a nasal spray solution containing broadly potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in healthy volunteersPreprint
Imsuwansri, T., Jongthitinon, T., Pojdoung, N., Meesiripan, N., Sakarin, S., Boonkrai, C., Wongtangprasert, T., Phakham, T., Audomsun, T., Attakitbancha, C., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.22280574 · Cited by 2
Prophylactic treatment with oral azithromycin in cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic (OnCoVID): a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
Mair, M. J., Maj‐Hes, A., Nussbaumer-Pröll, A. K., Puhr, R., Christenheit, A., Troch, M., Puhr, H. C., Starzer, A. M., Steindl, A., Eberl, S., et al. (2023) · Infectious Agents and Cancer · doi:10.1186/s13027-023-00487-x · Cited by 2
Efficacy of Lopinavir-Ritonavir Prophylaxis for Individuals Exposed to SARS-CoV-2: The COPEP Pragmatic Open-Label, Cluster Randomized TrialPreprint
Labhardt, N. D., Smit, M., Petignat, I., Perneger, T., Marinosci, A., Ustero, P., Ribeiro, M. P. D., Ragozzino, S., Nicoletti, G. J., Faré, P. B., et al. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3878828 · Cited by 1
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 10

10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.08.010 · DOI · Paper page
Veritas Health Innovation. Covidence systematic review software. Melbourne, Australia.
10.1371/journal.pone.0076654 · DOI · Paper page
10.1056/NEJMoa2016638 · DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2021801 · DOI
10.7860/JCDR/2020/46795.0000 · DOI
10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.040 · DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0244778 · DOI
10.18433/jpps31457 · DOI
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017 · DOI · Paper page

Sorted by citations

Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis
Siemieniuk, R. A., Bartoszko, J. J., Zeraatkar, D., Kum, E., Qasim, A., Díaz Martinez, J. P., Izcovich, A., Rochwerg, B., Lamontagne, F., Han, M. A., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2980 · Cited by 846
Self-citation
FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2
Brevini, T., Maes, M., Webb, G. J., John, B. V., Fuchs, C. D., Buescher, G., Wang, L., Griffiths, C., Brown, M. L., Scott, W. E., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05594-0 · Cited by 299
An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment
Drożdżal, S., Rosik, J., Lechowicz, K., Machaj, F., Szostak, B., Przybyciński, J., Lorzadeh, S., Kotfis, K., Ghavami, S., & Łoś, M. (2021) · Drug Resistance Updates · doi:10.1016/j.drup.2021.100794 · Cited by 301
A guide and pragmatic considerations for applying GRADE to network meta-analysis
Izcovich, A., Chu, D. K., Mustafa, R. A., Guyatt, G. H., & Brignardello‐Petersen, R. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-074495 · Cited by 194
Self-citation
Systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials
Chu, A. W. L., Wong, M. M., Rayner, D. G., Guyatt, G. H., Martinez, J. P. D., Ceccacci, R., Zhao, I. X., McMullen, E. P., Srivastava, A., Wang, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.029 · Cited by 179
Self-citation

See all 113

Authors: Bartoszko, J. J., Siemieniuk, R. A., Kum, E., Qasim, A., Zeraatkar, D., Martinez, J. P. D., Azab, M., Ibrahim, S., Izcovich, A., Soto, G. B., Roldan, Y., Agarwal, A., Agoritsas, T., Chu, D. K., Couban, R., Devji, T., Foroutan, F., Ghadimi, M., Honarmand, K., Khamis, A., Lamontagne, F., Loeb, M., McLeod, S. L., Motaghi, S., Murthy, S., Mustafa, R. A., Rochwerg, B., Switzer, C., Thabane, L., Vandvik, P. O., Vernooij, R. W., Wang, Y., Yao, L., Guyatt, G. H., & Brignardello-Petersen, R.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
Hospital Alemán (AR)
University of Toronto (CA)
University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
Western University (CA)
Hull York Medical School (GB)
University of British Columbia (CA)
University of Oslo (NO)
Utrecht University (NL)
ORCID: Bartoszko, Jessica J
Kum, Elena
Qasim, Anila
Zeraatkar, Dena
Izcovich, Ariel
Agoritsas, Thomas
Devji, Tahira
Ghadimi, Maryam
Honarmand, Kimia
McLeod, Shelley L
Rochwerg, Bram
Switzer, Charlotte
Vandvik, Per O
Vernooij, Robin WM
Wang, Ying
Yao, Liang
Guyatt, Gordon H
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2021-04-26
Volume: 373
Pages: n949
ISSN: 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n949
PMC: PMC8073806
OpenAlex: W3158131439
Cited by: 113
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 28
FWCI: 3.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
cIRcle (University of British Columbia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Lanzhou University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
MacSphere (McMaster University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: Canadian Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Foundation
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Foundation
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (174897_1, 174897)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Keywords: COVID-19 prevention, COVID-19 pandemic, preventive medication, hydroxychloroquine, adverse drug reactions, hospitalization, mortality, drug discontinuation, quality of evidence, risk of bias assessment, GRADE, antiviral agents, antimalarial drugs
MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anti-Infective Agents, Carrageenan, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine, Ivermectin, Global Health, Treatment Outcome, Chemoprevention, Uncertainty

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks