Living systematic review: 1. Introduction-the why, what, when, and how
Open accessAbstract
Systematic reviews are difficult to keep up to date, but failure to do so leads to a decay in review currency, accuracy, and utility. We are developing a novel approach to systematic review updating termed "Living systematic review" (LSR): systematic reviews that are continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. LSRs may be particularly important in fields where research evidence is emerging rapidly, current evidence is uncertain, and new research may change policy or practice decisions. We hypothesize that a continual approach to updating will achieve greater currency and validity, and increase the benefits to end users, with feasible resource requirements over time.
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This living systematic review follows published guidance for such reviews and for how expedited 'living' recommendations should be formulated where relevant.
“This living systematic review ( Figure 1) follows published guidance for such reviews and for how expedited ‘living’ recommendations should be formulated where relevant ( Akl et al., 2017; Elliott et al., 2017).”
From The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Elliott et al., 2017
Living reviews are time-consuming and onerous to conduct, requiring constant updates and monitoring of published research and/or publicly available data.
“Living reviews are time-consuming and onerous to conduct, as they require constant updates and monitoring of published research and/or publicly available data [2].”
From A narrative review of recent tools and innovations toward automating living systematic reviews and evidence syntheses (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
This living systematic review follows published guidance for living systematic reviews.
“This living systematic review ( Figure 1) follows published guidance for such reviews and for how expedited ‘living’ recommendations should be formulated where relevant ( Akl et al., 2017; Elliott et al., 2017).”
From The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: a living systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as Elliott et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Elliott, J. H., Synnot, A., Turner, T., Simmonds, M., Akl, E. A., McDonald, S., Salanti, G., Meerpohl, J., MacLehose, H., Hilton, J., Tovey, D., Shemilt, I., Thomas, J., Agoritsas, T., Hilton, J., Perron, C., Akl, E., Hodder, R., Pestridge, C., Albrecht, L., Horsley, T., Platt, J., Armstrong, R., Nguyen, P. H., Plovnick, R., Arno, A., Ivers, N., Quinn, G., Au, A., Johnston, R., Rada, G., Bagg, M., Jones, A., Ravaud, P., Boden, C., Kahale, L., Richter, B., Boisvert, I., Keshavarz, H., Ryan, R., Brandt, L., Kolakowsky-Hayner, S. A., Salama, D., Brazinova, A., Nagraj, S. K., Salanti, G., Buchbinder, R., Lasserson, T., Santaguida, L., Champion, C., Lawrence, R., Santesso, N., Chandler, J., Les, Z., Schünemann, H. J., Charidimou, A., Leucht, S., Shemilt, I., Chou, R., Low, N., Sherifali, D., Churchill, R., Maas, A., Siemieniuk, R., Cnossen, M. C., MacLehose, H., Simmonds, M., Cossi, M.-J., Macleod, M., Skoetz, N., Counotte, M., Marshall, I., Soares-Weiser, K., Craigie, S., Marshall, R., Srikanth, V., Dahm, P., Martin, N., Sullivan, K., Danilkewich, A., Martínez García, L., Synnot, A., Danko, K., Mavergames, C., Taylor, M., Donoghue, E., Maxwell, L. J., Thayer, K., Dressler, C., McAuley, J., Thomas, J., Egan, C., McDonald, S., Tritton, R., Elliott, J., McKenzie, J., Tsafnat, G., Elliott, S. A., Meerpohl, J., Tugwell, P., Etxeandia, I., Merner, B., Turgeon, A., Featherstone, R., Mondello, S., Turner, T., Foxlee, R., Morley, R., van Valkenhoef, G., Garner, P., Munafo, M., Vandvik, P., Gerrity, M., Munn, Z., Wallace, B., Glasziou, P., Murano, M., Wallace, S. A., Green, S., Newman, K., Watts, C., Grimshaw, J., Nieuwlaat, R., Weeks, L., Gurusamy, K., Nikolakopoulou, A., Weigl, A., Haddaway, N., Noel-Storr, A., Wells, G., Hartling, L., O'Connor, A., Wiercioch, W., Hayden, J., Page, M., Wolfenden, L., Helfand, M., Pahwa, M., Yepes Nuñez, J. J., Higgins, J., Pardo, J. P., Yost, J., Hill, S., & Pearson, L.
- Affiliations
- Cochrane Canada (CA)
- University College London (GB)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- University of York (GB)
- The Alfred Hospital (AU)
- ORCID
- Elliott, Julian H.
- Akl, Elie A.
- Tovey, David
- Agoritsas, Thomas
- Hodder, Rebecca
- Albrecht, Lauren
- Horsley, Tanya
- Armstrong, Rebecca
- Arno, Anneliese
- Ivers, Noah
- Johnston, Renea
- Bagg, Matthew
- Jones, Arwel
- Ravaud, Philippe
- Boden, Catherine
- Kahale, Lara
- Boisvert, Isabelle
- Keshavarz, Homa
- Ryan, Rebecca
- Brandt, Linn
- Nagraj, Sumanth Kumbargere
- Buchbinder, Rachelle
- Lasserson, Toby
- Lawrence, Rebecca
- Santesso, Nancy
- Schünemann, Holger J.
- Charidimou, Andreas
- Leucht, Stefan
- Chou, Roger
- Low, Nicola
- Sherifali, Diana
- Churchill, Rachel
- Maas, Andrew
- Siemieniuk, Reed
- Cnossen, Maryse C.
- Macleod, Malcolm
- Skoetz, Nicole
- Counotte, Michel
- Srikanth, Velandai
- Dahm, Philipp
- Martin, Nicole
- Sullivan, Katrina
- Mavergames, Chris
- Taylor, Mark
- Donoghue, Emma
- Maxwell, Lara J.
- Dressler, Corinna
- McAuley, James
- McKenzie, Joanne
- Tsafnat, Guy
- Elliott, Sarah A.
- Tugwell, Peter
- Merner, Bronwen
- Turgeon, Alexis
- Featherstone, Robin
- Mondello, Stefania
- Morley, Richard
- Garner, Paul
- Munafo, Marcus
- Vandvik, Per
- Gerrity, Martha
- Munn, Zachary
- Wallace, Byron
- Glasziou, Paul
- Murano, Melissa
- Wallace, Sheila A.
- Green, Sally
- Newman, Kristine
- Grimshaw, Jeremy
- Nieuwlaat, Robby
- Gurusamy, Kurinchi
- Nikolakopoulou, Adriani
- Weigl, Aaron
- Haddaway, Neal
- Noel-Storr, Anna
- Hartling, Lisa
- O'Connor, Annette
- Wiercioch, Wojtek
- Hayden, Jill
- Page, Matthew
- Wolfenden, Luke
- Pahwa, Manisha
- Higgins, Julian
- Pardo, Jordi Pardo
- Yost, Jennifer
- Hill, Sophie
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 91
- Pages
- 23-30
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2754736027
- Cited by
- 655
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 9.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Bond University Research Portal (Bond University) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC/L000970/1)
- Medical Research Council (MR/J005037/1, MR/N015665/1)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1114605)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- living systematic review, systematic review updating, evidence updating
- MeSH terms
- Systematic Reviews as Topic, Humans, Time Factors, Guidelines as Topic, Access to Information, Information Dissemination, Biomedical Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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