Effects of resistance exercise on blood glucose level and pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: To date, the effects of resistance exercise on diabetes-related parameters (blood glucose level and insulin use) and pregnancy outcome in participants with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have not been compared with those of aerobic exercise. To investigate the effect of resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise on blood glucose level, insulin utilization rate, and pregnancy outcome in patients with GDM. Research design and methods: From December 2019 to December 2020, 100 pregnant women with GDM were selected and divided into a resistance exercise group (49 patients) and an aerobic exercise group (51 patients) randomly. The aerobic exercise group received an aerobic exercise intervention, while the resistance exercise group received a resistance exercise intervention. Both groups received exercise intervention for 50–60 min, 3 times per week, lasting for 6 weeks. In addition, patients in both groups received the same routine care, including personalized dietary intervention, online education, and school courses for pregnant women. Results: The blood glucose level in the resistance exercise group and the aerobic exercise group was lower after the intervention than before the intervention (p<0.05). After the intervention, no significant differences were observed in the fasting blood glucose level, insulin utilization rate, and incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the two groups (p>0.05); however, significant differences were noted in 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level and exercise compliance between the two groups (p<0.05), with the resistance exercise group showing better outcomes than the aerobic exercise group. Conclusions: Resistance exercise is more compliant for pregnant women with GDM than aerobic exercise; hence, it is necessary to popularize resistance exercise in this specific population group. Long-term effects of resistance exercise should be evaluated in future studies. Trial registration number: ChiCTR 1900027929.
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Resistance exercise can be more beneficial than aerobic exercise because it is more accessible and has greater adherence.
“Resistance exercise can be more beneficial when compared to aerobic exercise because it is more accessible and, consequently, has greater adherence [12].”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise-based intervention to prevent gestational diabetes in women with overweight or obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Introduction says resistance exercise may be easier for women with gestational diabetes to perform, including at home or in bed. The Discussion reports higher compliance than with aerobic exercise (p=0.031), but the study's comparison is limited to patients with gestational diabetes; it does not establish the claim for exercisers generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe authors of that article argue that resistance training can be performed in non-standing positions such as sitting or lying in bed.
“The authors of the article argue that resistance training can be performed in non-standing positions such as sitting or lying in bed [12].”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise-based intervention to prevent gestational diabetes in women with overweight or obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
A recent randomised clinical trial in women with gestational diabetes and advanced pregnancies shows greater compliance and lower postprandial glucose levels in the resistance group than in the aerobic group without an increase in adverse effects.
“A recent randomised clinical trial [12] in women with GDM and advanced pregnancies shows greater compliance and lower postprandial glucose levels in the resistance group than in the aerobic group without an increase in adverse effects.”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise-based intervention to prevent gestational diabetes in women with overweight or obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Xie, Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, M., Huang, H., Liu, C., Huang, F., & Wu, J.
- Affiliations
- Nursing Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (CN)
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhao, Huifen
- Venue
- BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e002622
- ISSN
- 2052-4897 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8984031
- OpenAlex
- W4224312264
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 12.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fujian Medical University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, resistance training, aerobic exercise, blood glucose, insulin use, pregnancy outcomes, exercise adherence, postprandial blood glucose
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Exercise, Diabetes, Gestational, Resistance Training
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