Developing an expanded vector control toolbox for malaria elimination
Open accessAbstract
Vector control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) accounts for most of the malaria burden reductions achieved recently in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). LLINs and IRS are highly effective, but are insufficient to eliminate malaria transmission in many settings because of operational constraints, growing resistance to available insecticides and mosquitoes that behaviourally avoid contact with these interventions. However, a number of substantive opportunities now exist for rapidly developing and implementing more diverse, effective and sustainable malaria vector control strategies for LMICs. For example, mosquito control in high-income countries is predominantly achieved with a combination of mosquito-proofed housing and environmental management, supplemented with large-scale insecticide applications to larval habitats and outdoor spaces that kill off vector populations en masse, but all these interventions remain underused in LMICs. Programmatic development and evaluation of decentralised, locally managed systems for delivering these proactive mosquito population abatement practices in LMICs could therefore enable broader scale-up. Furthermore, a diverse range of emerging or repurposed technologies are becoming available for targeting mosquitoes when they enter houses, feed outdoors, attack livestock, feed on sugar or aggregate into mating swarms. Global policy must now be realigned to mobilise the political and financial support necessary to exploit these opportunities over the decade ahead, so that national malaria control and elimination programmes can access a much broader, more effective set of vector control interventions.
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New vector control tools are needed to assist in driving down malaria transmission and achieve the control targets set out in the WHO Global Technical Strategy.
“It is generally accepted that new vector control tools are needed to assist in driving down malaria transmission and achieve the control targets set out in the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Technical Strategy [1–3].”
From Semi-field studies to better understand the impact of eave tubes on mosquito mortality and behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
Combinations of these approaches in a vaccine, together with anti-vector strategies such as genetically modified mosquitoes or Wolbachia bacteria, as well as mosquito-bite avoidance, have the potential to markedly reduce malaria parasite transmission.
“Combinations of these approaches in a vaccine (perhaps targeting multiple stages of the life cycle), together with anti-vector strategies such as the use of genetically modified mosquitoes or Wolbachia bacteria to infect mosquitoes and reduce their ability to carry mosquito parasites112, as well as mosquito-bite avoidance, have the potential to markedly reduce malaria parasite transmission.”
From A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments (2021) · cites this paper as [112]
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- Authors
- Killeen, G. F., Tatarsky, A., Diabate, A., Chaccour, C. J., Marshall, J. M., Okumu, F. O., Brunner, S., Newby, G., Williams, Y. A., Malone, D., Tusting, L. S., & Gosling, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Ifakara Health Institute (TZ)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Killeen, Gerry F
- Venue
- BMJ Global Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e000211
- ISSN
- 2059-7908 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5444090
- OpenAlex
- W2608944315
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 14.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMJ Global Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Fundación Ramón Areces
- Wellcome Trust (102350/Z/13/Z)
- Seventh Framework Programme (265660)
- Medical Research Council (N011570)
- Parker Foundation
- Department for International Development (N011570)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Keywords
- malaria vector control, malaria elimination, long-lasting insecticidal nets, indoor residual spraying, insecticide resistance, larval source management, environmental management, mosquito attractants, malaria control policy, low- and middle-income countries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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