The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of work-related stress with mental health problems in a special police force unit
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Law and order enforcement tasks may expose special force police officers to significant psychosocial risk factors. The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between job stress and the presence of mental health symptoms while controlling sociodemographical, occupational and personality variables in special force police officers. METHOD: At different time points, 292 of 294 members of the 'VI Reparto Mobile', a special police force engaged exclusively in the enforcement of law and order, responded to our invitation to complete questionnaires for the assessment of personality traits, work-related stress (using the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) models) and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and burnout. RESULTS: Regression analyses showed that lower levels of support and reward and higher levels of effort and overcommitment were associated with higher levels of mental health symptoms. Psychological screening revealed 21 (7.3%) likely cases of mild depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI≥10). Officers who had experienced a discrepancy between work effort and rewards showed a marked increase in the risk of depression (OR 7.89, 95% CI 2.32 to 26.82) when compared with their counterparts who did not perceive themselves to be in a condition of distress. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that work-related stress may play a role in the development of mental health problems in police officers. The prevalence of mental health symptoms in the cohort investigated here was low, but not negligible in the case of depression. Since special forces police officers have to perform sensitive tasks for which a healthy psychological functioning is needed, the results of this study suggest that steps should be taken to prevent distress and improve the mental well-being of these workers.
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“On the other hand, having control and autonomy in the management of tasks was found to decrease burnout (Garbarino et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2016; Martinussen et al., 2007; Richardsen et al., 2006; Smoktunowicz et al., 2015).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Garbarino et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“as was overcommitment (Garbarino et al., 2013; Violanti et al., 2018)”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Garbarino et al., 2013
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“Increased efforts were associated with higher burnout whilst increased rewards resulted in lower burnout (Garbarino et al., 2013).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Garbarino et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Neuroticism was found to be a consistent risk factor for burnout (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013; Farf ´ an et al., 2019; Garbarino et al., 2013; Hills and Norvell, 1991; Medina, 2007; Mostert and Rothmann, 2006).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Garbarino et al., 2013
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“Whereas, four studies reported negative associations between agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness with burnout (De la Fuente Solana et al., 2013; Garbarino et al., 2013; Medina, 2007; Mostert and Roth mann, 2006).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Garbarino et al., 2013
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“one study that higher ranks were associated with lower exhaustion (Garbarino et al., 2013).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Garbarino et al., 2013
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“Increased efforts were associated with higher burnout whilst increased rewards resulted in lower burnout (Garbarino et al., 2013).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Garbarino et al., 2013
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Citations
Cites
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Personality and the Prediction of Consequential Outcomes
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Public health significance of neuroticism
Lahey, B. B. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0015309 · Cited by 1,901 · cited 1×
“Emotional stability was a significant predictor for all the measures of mental health problems, which was expected given the large body of research that has shown that this trait is associated with several mental disorders and physical health problems, and that this is not an artefact of the overlapping of some sympto…”
ResultPsychosocial work environment and mental health—a meta-analytic review
Stansfeld, S., & Candy, B. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1050 · Cited by 1,875 · cited 1×
“A recent meta-analysis of studies on the association between stress and mental disorders indicated that psychosocial problems in the workplace, reduced control, job strain, low social support and the discrepancy between effort and rewards predict the onset of depression.(54) Another review of 14 longitudinal studies r…”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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- Violante, 2009, Relationship between job satisfaction, and stress, burnout and psychosocial factors among nurses working in different health settings, G Ital Med Lav Ergon, 31, A36
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Burnout–Depression Overlap: A Review
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004 · Cited by 868
Purba, A., & Demou, E. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7609-0 · Cited by 328
Syed, S., Ashwick, R., Schlosser, M., Jones, R., Rowe, S. L., & Billings, J. (2020) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-106498 · Cited by 354
Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Marques, A. J., da Silva, C. F., & Pereira, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00587 · Cited by 330
Arslan, G., & Allen, K. (2021) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1876892 · Cited by 223
Metadata
- Authors
- Garbarino, S., Cuomo, G., Chiorri, C., & Magnavita, N.
- Affiliations
- Ministry of Interior (IT)
- University of Genoa (IT)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Magnavita, Nicola
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e002791
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3717472
- OpenAlex
- W2131695063
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 16.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- occupational stress, mental health, police mental health, depression, anxiety, burnout, effort-reward imbalance, demand-control-support model, psychosocial risk factors, psychological screening, psychological well-being
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