Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions.
Abstract
In addition to the person-environment fit model (J. R. French, R. D. Caplan, & R. V. Harrison, 1982) and the demand-control model (R. A. Karasek & T. Theorell, 1990), a third theoretical concept is proposed to assess adverse health effects of stressful experience at work: the effort-reward imbalance model. The focus of this model is on reciprocity of exchange in occupational life where high-cost/low-gain conditions are considered particularly stressful. Variables measuring low reward in terms of low status control (e.g., lack of promotion prospects, job insecurity) in association with high extrinsic (e.g., work pressure) or intrinsic (personal coping pattern, e.g., high need for control) effort independently predict new cardiovascular events in a prospective study on blue-collar men. Furthermore, these variables partly explain prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, atherogenic lipids) in 2 independent studies. Studying adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions seems well justified, especially in view of recent developments of the labor market.
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According to the effort-reward imbalance model, if an employee's efforts at work are not reciprocated, they may feel dissatisfied at work, which can manifest as a loss of happiness.
“According to the effort-reward imbalance model of Siegrist [23], if an employee’s efforts at work are not reciprocated, they may feel dissatisfied at work, which can manifest as a loss of happiness.”
From Structural Dimension Exploration and Measurement Scale Development of Employee Involution in China’s Workplace Field (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Siegrist, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-41
- ISSN
- 1076-8998 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1307
- OpenAlex
- W4243321329
- Cited by
- 5,713
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 268 · 2025: 304 · 2024: 242 · 2023: 294 · 2022: 298 · 2021: 318 · 2020: 292 · 2019: 305 · 2018: 275 · 2017: 330 · 2016: 246 · 2015: 269 · 2014: 271 · 2013: 286 · 2012: 252
- FWCI
- 50.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- effort-reward imbalance, adverse health effects, occupational stress, job demands
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Job Description, Male, Models, Psychological, Reward, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Occupational Health, Workload
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