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Cited by 58Criminal Justice and Corrections AnalysisSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesCrime Patterns and Interventions

Propensity-matched study of enhanced primary care on contact with the criminal justice system among individuals recently released from prison to New Haven

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Wang, Emily A, Lin, Hsiu-ju, Aminawung, Jenerius A, Busch, Susan H, Gallagher, Colleen, Maurer, Kathleen, Puglisi, Lisa, Shavit, Shira +1 more·2019·BMJ Open
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028097PMC PMC6502013
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Abstract

Background: Health systems can be integral to addressing population health, including persons with incarceration exposure. Few studies have comprehensively integrated state-wide data to assess how the primary care system can impact criminal justice outcomes. We examined whether enhanced primary care can decrease future contact with the criminal justice system among individuals just released from prison. Methods: We linked administrative data (2013–2016) of Connecticut Department of Correction, Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Department of Social Service, Court Support Services Division, and Department of Public Health to conduct a quasi-experimental study using propensity score matching of 94 participants who received enhanced primary care in Transitions Clinic to 94 controls not exposed to the programme. The propensity score included 23 variables, which encompassed participants’ medical and incarceration history and service utilisation. The main outcomes were reincarceration rates and days incarcerated in the first year from the index date, which was either enrolment in the Transitions Clinic programme or release from prison in the control group. Results: The odds of reincarceration, including arrests and new convictions, were similar for the two groups, but Transitions Clinic participants had lower odds of returning to prison for a parole or probation technical violation (adjusted OR: 0.38; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.93) compared with the control group. Further, Transitions Clinic participants had fewer incarceration days (incidence rate ratio: 0.55; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.84) compared with the control group. Conclusions: Enhanced primary care for individuals just released from prison can reduce reincarceration for technical violations and shorten time spent within correctional facilities. This study shows how community health systems may play a role in current strategies to reduce prison populations.

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  • A New Haven TCN study of 188 reentering adults found those receiving TCN services experienced fewer days incarcerated (101.4 vs 187.4, p<0.0001) and fewer probation and parole violations (17% vs 33%, p<0.05) compared to a propensity-matched group in the 12 months following release, but no difference in arrest rates.

    “A subsequent study of 188 reentering adults in New Haven, CT, concluded that those receiving TCN services experienced fewer days incarcerated (101.4 versus 187.4, p<0.0001) and fewer probation and parole violations (17% versus 33%, p<0.05) compared to propensity-matched group in the 12 months following release,47 but, similar to the California study, no difference in arrest rates.”

    From Community investment interventions as a means for decarceration: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [47]

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  • Two healthcare interventions studied re-incarceration outcomes.

    “We identified two interventions within the healthcare domain which studied re-incarceration outcomes.43,47”

    From Community investment interventions as a means for decarceration: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [47]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wang, E. A., Lin, H.-J., Aminawung, J. A., Busch, S. H., Gallagher, C., Maurer, K., Puglisi, L., Shavit, S., & Frisman, L.
Affiliations
  • Yale University (US)
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • Connecticut Department of Correction, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Wang, Emily A
ORCID
Venue
BMJ Open
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2019-05
Volume
9
Issue
5
Pages
e028097
ISSN
2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028097
PMC
PMC6502013
OpenAlex
W2942819195
Cited by
58
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
FWCI
10.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
  • Bureau of Justice Assistance
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords
enhanced primary care, prisoner release, reincarceration, criminal justice system contact, technical violations, community supervision, community health systems, incarceration duration, post-release care, New Haven
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Prisoners, Propensity Score

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