Catalogue of bias: attrition bias

A Dictionary of Epidemiology

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Sample size slippages in randomised trials: exclusions and the lost and wayward.

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Reporting attrition in randomised controlled trials

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Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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Assessing the impact of attrition in randomized controlled trials

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Randomized controlled trial of hip protectors among women living in the community

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Attrition analysed in five waves of a longitudinal yearly survey of smokers: findings from the ITC Netherlands survey

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Recruitment and retention strategies and the examination of attrition bias in a randomised controlled trial in children’s centres serving families in disadvantaged areas of England

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Cardiac patients who completed a longitudinal psychosocial study had a different clinical and psychosocial baseline profile than patients who dropped out prematurely

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Revising the JBI quantitative critical appraisal tools to improve their applicability: an overview of methods and the development process

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Where to look for the most frequent biases?

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Deep Learning in Breast Cancer Imaging: State of the Art and Recent Advancements in Early 2024

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Algorithmic fairness in computational medicine

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Defining and evaluating the Hawthorne effect in primary care, a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Tools for interpretation of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 temporal and spatial trends demonstrated with data collected in the San Francisco Bay Area

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Effect of a Brief Mindfulness-Based Program on Stress in Health Care Professionals at a US Biomedical Research Hospital: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Is clinical behavior of composite restorations placed in non-carious cervical lesions influenced by the application mode of universal adhesives? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Josić, U., Maravić, T., Mazzitelli, C., Radović, I., Jaćimović, J., Bianco, F. D., Florenzano, F., Breschi, L., & Mazzoni, A. (2021) · Dental Materials · doi:10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.017 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Loneliness associates strongly with anxiety and depression during the COVID pandemic, especially in men and younger adults

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Clinical tools used in young infants born very preterm to predict motor and cognitive delay (not cerebral palsy): a systematic review

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Extent of resection and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme

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Changes in health-related quality of life among gynecologic cancer survivors during the two years after initial treatment: a longitudinal analysis

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The Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibody Lecanemab: 16 Cautionary Notes

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Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Real-World Data from the International COMPERA-CHD Registry

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Clinically relevant outcomes in dental clinical trials: challenges and proposals

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Effectiveness and acceptability of cognitive-behavioural therapy based interventions for maternal peripartum depression: A systematic review, meta-analysis and thematic synthesis protocol

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Cyclist crash rates and risk factors in a prospective cohort in seven European cities

Branion-Calles, M. C., Götschi, T., NELSON, T. A., Anaya-Boig, E., Ávila-Palència, I., Castro, A., Cole‐Hunter, T., de Nazelle, A. J., Dons, E., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., et al. (2020) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2020.105540 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Mitigating Algorithmic Bias in AI-Driven Cardiovascular Imaging for Fairer Diagnostics

Sufian, M. A., Alsadder, L., Hamzi, W., Zaman, S., Sagar, A. S. M. S., & Hamzi, B. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14232675 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

The impact of news media portrayals of sharks on public perception of risk and support for shark conservation

Busque, B. L., Dorrian, J., & Litchfield, C. A. (2020) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104341 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

The effects of self-management interventions on depressive symptoms in adults with chronic physical disease(s) experiencing depressive symptomatology: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Brahim, L. O., Lambert, S., Feeley, N., Coumoundouros, C., Schaffler, J. L., McCusker, J., Moodie, E. E. M., Kayser, J. W., Kolne, K., Belzile, É., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03504-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Efficacy of gut–brain neuromodulators in irritable bowel syndrome: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Khasawneh, M., Mokhtare, M., Moayyedi, P., Black, C. J., & Ford, A. C. (2025) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(25)00051-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Cognitive Adverse Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy

Hammershøj, L. G., Petersen, J. Z., Jensen, H. M., Jørgensen, M. B., & Miskowiak, K. W. (2021) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000797 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Effectiveness of Tai Chi on older adults: A systematic review of systematic reviews with re-meta-analysis

Leung, L. Y. L., Tam, H. L., & Ho, J. K.-M. (2022) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104796 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Critical components of social prescribing programmes with a focus on older adults - a systematic review

Rapo, E., Johansson, E., Jönsson, F., Hörnsten, Å., Lundgren, A. S., & Nilsson, I. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.1080/02813432.2023.2237078 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Risk of bias and reporting practices in studies comparing VO2max responses to sprint interval vs. continuous training: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bonafiglia, J. T., Islam, H., Preobrazenski, N., & Gurd, B. J. (2021) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.03.005 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

EULAR points to consider when analysing and reporting comparative effectiveness research using observational data in rheumatology

Courvoisier, D. S., Lauper, K., Kedra, J., de Wit, M. P. T., Fautrel, B., Frisell, T., Hyrich, K. L., Iannone, F., Machado, P., Ørnbjerg, L. M., et al. (2022) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221307 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Effectiveness of concurrent exercise training in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zaki, S., Sharma, S. R., & Vats, H. (2023) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2023.2225717 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Reporting and transparent research practices in sports medicine and orthopaedic clinical trials: a meta-research study

Schulz, R., Langen, G., Prill, R., Cassel, M., & Weissgerber, T. L. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059347 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

The effects of digital CBT-I on work productivity and activity levels and the mediational role of insomnia symptoms: Data from a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up

Kjørstad, K., Sivertsen, B., Vedaa, Ø., Langsrud, K., Vethe, D., Faaland, P. M., Vestergaard, C. L., Lydersen, S., Smith, O. R. F., Scott, J. L., et al. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104083 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

A detailed exploration of early infant milk feeding in a prospective birth cohort study in Ireland: combination feeding of breast milk and infant formula and early breast-feeding cessation

Hemmingway, A., Fisher, D., Berkery, T., Dempsey, E. M., Murray, D. M., & Kiely, M. E. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520001324 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Blood DNA methylation signatures of lifestyle exposures: tobacco and alcohol consumption

Chamberlain, J. D., Nusslé, S. C., Chapatte, L., Kinnaer, C., Petrović, D., Pradervand, S., Bochud, M., Harris, S. E., Corley, J., Cox, S. R., et al. (2022) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-022-01376-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The more, the better? Learning with feedback and instruction

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Insights into Artificial Intelligence Bias: Implications for Agriculture

Mayuravaani, M., Ramanan, A., Perera, M., Senanayake, D., & Vidanaarachchi, R. (2024) · Digital Society · doi:10.1007/s44206-024-00142-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Catalogue of bias: novelty bias

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Is there a therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin on scalp alopecia? Physiopathology and reported cases: A systematic review of the literature

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Epidemiological methods in transition: Minimizing biases in classical and digital approaches

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Effect of buttonhole cannulation versus rope-ladder cannulation in hemodialysis patients with vascular access: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized/clinical controlled trials

Wang, L., Tsai, L.-H., Huang, H.-Y., Okoli, C. T. C., & Guo, S. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029597 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Recommendations for Diversifying Racial and Ethnic Representation in Autism Intervention Research: A Crossover Review of Recruitment and Retention Practices in Pediatric Mental Health

Machalicek, W., Glugatch, L. B., Erturk, B., Brafford, T. L., Kunze, M. G., Drew, C. M., Douglas, A., Storie, S., Crowe, R., & Magaña, S. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11216468 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Dropout Rate in Digital Health Interventions for the Prevention of Skin Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Metaregression

Hernández‐Rodríguez, J., García‐Muñoz, C., Ortiz‐Álvarez, J., Saigí-Rubió, F., Conejo‐Mir, J., & Rodríguez, J. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/42397 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

One‐ and 2‐Year American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Scores Do Not Vary Significantly After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective Multicenter Analysis of 1,567 Patients

Patel, M., McDaniel, L. E., Sekar, M. G., Kisana, H. M., Sykes, J. B., & Amini, M. H. (2023) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2023.09.024 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Risk of bias in exercise science: A systematic review of 340 studies

Preobrazenski, N., McCaig, A., Turner, A., Kushner, M., Pacitti, L. J., Mendolia, P., MacDonald, B., Storoschuk, K. L., Bouck, T., Zaza, Y., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Polypharmacy and risk of fractures in older adults: A systematic review

Gagnon, M.-È., Talbot, D. C., Tremblay, F., Desforges, K., & Sirois, C. (2024) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12593 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Apparent sunk cost effect in rational agents

Ott, T., Masset, P., Gouvêa, T. S., & Kepecs, Á. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi7004 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Use of Statins Among Patients Taking Levothyroxine: an Observational Drug Utilization Study Across Sites

Idrees, T., Prieto, W. H., Casula, S., Ajith, A., Ettleson, M., Narchi, F. A. A., Russo, P. S. T., Fernandes, F., Johnson, J., Mayampurath, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab038 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Early childhood educator outcomes from online professional development for physical literacy: A randomised controlled trial

Simpson, A., Stein, M., Rosenberg, M., Ward, B., Derbyshire, A., Thornton, A., & Jackson, B. (2023) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102464 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

The Road to Recovery: A Two-Year Longitudinal Analysis of Mental Health Among University Students During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Allen, R. E., Hochard, K. D., Kannangara, C. S., & Carson, J. F. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14121146 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Design and maintenance of community-based cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa: a longitudinal evaluation of participant attrition in SchistoTrack

Puthur, C., Nabatte, B., Tinkitina, B., Kabatereine, N. B., & Chami, G. F. (2025) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-002151 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Scientific guidelines for evaluating the validity of forensic feature-comparison methods

Scurich, N., Faigman, D. L., & Albright, T. D. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2301843120 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Machine learning algorithms for predicting PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Vali, M., Motahari-Nezhad, H., Kovács, L., & Gandomi, A. H. (2025) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02754-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Digital Home-Based Self-Monitoring System for People with Heart Failure: Protocol for Development of SmartHeart and Evaluation of Feasibility and Acceptability

Maddison, R., Nourse, R. A., Daryabeygi‐Khotbehsara, R., Tegegne, T. K., Jansons, P., Rawstorn, J. C., Atherton, J. J., Driscoll, A. L., Oldenburg, B. F., Vasa, R., et al. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/62964 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Differences Between the 2016 and 2022 Editions of the Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery (ERABS) Guidelines: Call to Action of FAIR Data and the Creation of a Global Consortium of Bariatric Care and Research

Torensma, B., Hisham, M., Eldawlatly, A. A., & Hany, M. (2022) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-022-06132-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Influence of attrition, missing data, compliance, and related biases and analyses strategies on treatment effects in randomized controlled trials in rehabilitation: a methodological review

Armijo-Olivo, S. L., Machalicek, W., Dennett, L., & Ballenberger, N. (2021) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06428-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Preclinical Ischemic Stroke Multicenter Trials (PRISM) Collective Statement: Opportunities, Challenges, and Recommendations for a New Era

Ayata, C., Bath, P. M., Planas, A. M., Allan, S. M., Boltze, J., Cabeen, R. P., Gibson, C. L., Cipolla, M. J., Diniz, M. A., Fumagalli, S., et al. (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.125.052056 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Accounting for missing data caused by drug cessation in observational comparative effectiveness research: a simulation study

Mongin, D., Lauper, K., Finckh, A., Frisell, T., & Courvoisier, D. S. (2022) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221477 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Tension and trauma releasing exercises for people with multiple sclerosis – An exploratory pilot study

Lynning, M., Svane, C., Westergaard, K., Bergien, S. O., Gunnersen, S. R., & Skovgaard, L. (2021) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.02.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Clinical Features and Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Ocular Tuberculosis from the Netherlands and Indonesia: The OculaR TB in Low versus High Endemic Countries (ORTEC) Study

Putera, I., ten Berge, J. C., Thiadens, A. A. H. J., Dik, W. A., Agrawal, R. V., van Hagen, P. M., Nora, R. L. D., & Rombach, S. M. (2024) · Ocular Immunology and Inflammation · doi:10.1080/09273948.2024.2359614 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Attrition, missing data, compliance, and related biases in randomized controlled trials of rehabilitation interventions: towards improving reporting and conduct

Armijo-Olivo, S. L., Machalicek, W., de Oliveira‐Souza, A. I. S., Dennett, L., & Ballenberger, N. (2021) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06427-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The recurrence of prolactinoma after withdrawal of dopamine agonist: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zou, Y., Li, D., Gu, J., Chen, S., Xia, W., Dong, J., & Jiang, X. (2021) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00889-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The Feasibility of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Open Tibial Fractures at a Regional Hospital in Uganda

Kisitu, D. K., Stockton, D. J., O’Hara, N. N., Slobogean, G. P., Howe, A. L., Marinos, D. P., Peck, C. J., Blachut, P. A., & O’Brien, P. J. (2019) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.18.01079 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Personal and Social‐Built Environmental Factors of Glucose Variability Among Multiethnic Groups of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Research Protocol Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, Continuous Glucose Monitoring, and Actigraphy

Nam, S., Jeon, S., Ash, G. I., WEINZIMER, S. A., Dunton, G. F., Parekh, N., Grey, M. J., Chen, K., Lee, M., Sajdlowska, A., et al. (2024) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.22420 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

School Based Motor Skill Interventions for Developmentally Delayed and Non-Delayed Children

Bryce, C. J. C. (2021) · Global Pediatric Health · doi:10.1177/2333794x211057707 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Bridge study protocol: an international, observational cohort study on the transition of healthcare for adolescents with chronic conditions

Kosola, S. K., Culnane, E., Loftus, H., Tornivuori, A., Kallio, M., Telfer, M. M., Miettinen, P. J., Kolho, K.-L., Aalto, K. T., Raivio, T., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048340 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Health information for human biomonitoring studies

Tolonen, H. K., Andersson, A., Holmboe, S. A., & Meltzer, H. M. (2022) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114051 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Limitations in Medical Research: Recognition, Influence, and Warning

Ott, D. E. (2024) · JSLS Journal of the Society of Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgeons · doi:10.4293/jsls.2023.00049 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Potential types of bias when estimating causal effects in environmental research and how to interpret them

Konno, K., Gibbons, J., Lewis, R. A., & Pullin, A. S. (2024) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-024-00324-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Active counselling and well-controlled disease result in a higher percentage of women with rheumatoid arthritis that breast feed: results from the PreCARA study

Kemper, E. H. M., Ghalandari, N., Wintjes, H. M., Steensel-Boon, A. V., Kranenburg, L., Mulders, A. G. M. G. J., Crijns, H. J. M. J., Smeele, H. T. W., & Dolhain, R. J. E. M. (2022) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002194 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Do age and comorbidity impair recovery during two years after treatment for endometrial cancer?

van Walree, I. C., Hamaker, M. E., de Rooij, B. H., Boll, D., van Huis‐Tanja, L. H., Emmelot‐Vonk, M. H., & Ezendam, N. P. M. (2020) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2020.02.012 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Are Biases Related to Attrition, Missing Data, and the Use of Intention to Treat Related to the Magnitude of Treatment Effects in Physical Therapy Trials?

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The Cost-Effectiveness of Tibial Metaphyseal Cones in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

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Pro-Con Debate: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Industry-Sponsored Research

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Dynamic Indicators of Adherence and Retention in Adults Using a Digital Mental Health App: Longitudinal Observational Analysis From the Brighten Study

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Detecting and Mitigating Bias for Inclusive and Trustworthy Clinical Research: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

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The role of focused attention in learning from early childhood to late adolescence: Implications of neonatal brainstem compromise following preterm birth

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The Effects of Self-Management Interventions on Depressive Symptoms In Adults With Chronic Physical Disease(S) Experiencing Depressive Symptomatology: A Systematic Review And Meta-AnalysisPreprint

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Lost but Not Forgotten: How to Manage Follow‐Up Loss in Clinical Research

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The devil is in the details: Reporting and transparent research practices in sports medicine and orthopedic clinical trials

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Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients on Hemodialysis: The Prognostic Value of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score

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Effects of nature-based mindfulness on pain and wellbeing for adults with persistent pain: a systematic literature review

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The effect of multiple single cannulation technique on complications of arteriovenous fistulae: A meta-analysis

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Attrition and Retention in Multidisciplinary Weight Management Interventions for Adults with Obesity: A Systematic ReviewPreprint

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