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Cited by 79Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesSodium Intake and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Racial variation in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in essential hypertension

Open access
Khattar, R S, Swales, J D, Senior, R, Lahiri, A·2000·Heart
DOI 10.1136/heart.83.3.267PMC PMC1729353
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To perform a longitudinal comparison of morbidity and mortality among white, south Asian and Afro-Caribbean hypertensive patients in relation to baseline demographic characteristics and clinic and ambulatory blood pressure variables. DESIGN: Observational follow up study. SETTING: District general hospital and community setting in Harrow, England. PATIENTS: 528 white, 106 south Asian, and 54 Afro-Caribbean subjects with essential hypertension who had undergone 24 hour ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. INTERVENTIONS: Follow up for assessment of all cause morbidity and mortality over a mean (SD) of 9.2 (4.1) years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Non-cardiovascular death, coronary death, cerebrovascular death, peripheral vascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularisation. RESULTS: South Asians had the highest all cause event rate of 3.46, compared with 2.50 (NS) and 0.90 (p = 0.002) events/100 patient-years for whites and Afro-Caribbeans, respectively. This was because of an excess of coronary events (2.86 v 1.32 events/100 patient-years in south Asians v whites, respectively; p = 0.002). Age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), race (south Asians : whites, hazard ratio 1.79; p = 0.008), diabetes (p = 0.05), previous history of cardiovascular disease (p < 0.001), and 24 hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006) were independent predictors of time to a first event. Clinic blood pressure did not provide additional prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: South Asian origin was an independent predictor of all cause events, mainly because of an excess of coronary events in this group. Ambulatory but not clinic blood pressure was of additional value in predicting subsequent morbidity and mortality.

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Authors
Khattar, R. S., Swales, J. D., Senior, R., & Lahiri, A.
Affiliations
University of Leicester (GB)
Corresponding author
Lahiri, A
Venue
Heart
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2000-03-01
Volume
83
Issue
3
Pages
267-271
ISSN
  • 1355-6037 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-201X
DOI
10.1136/heart.83.3.267
PMC
PMC1729353
OpenAlex
W2088955753
Semantic Scholar
af4197d75fc6e7187b25dbe65128c8c7adebc08a
Cited by
79
References
25
Citations by year
2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI
2.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Heart (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
essential hypertension, racial differences, South Asian patients, Afro-Caribbean patients, cardiovascular morbidity, cardiovascular mortality, coronary events, ambulatory blood pressure, office blood pressure, prognostic factors, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk prediction
MeSH terms
Adult, Asia, Southeastern, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, England, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Morbidity, Multivariate Analysis, Black People, White People, Asian People, Racial Groups

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