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Cited by 43Sexual function and dysfunction studiesHormonal and reproductive studiesMale Reproductive Health Studies

The triad of erectile dysfunction, testosterone deficiency syndrome and metabolic syndrome: findings from a multi-ethnic Asian men study (the Subang Men’s Health Study)

Open access
Tan, Wei Shen, Ng, Chirk Jenn, Khoo, Ee-Ming, Low, Wah-Yun, Tan, Hui Meng·2011·The Aging Male
DOI 10.3109/13685538.2011.597463
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Abstract

The etiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) is multi-factorial. This paper examines the association between ED, testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Malaysian men in an urban setting. One thousand and forty-six men aged ≥ 40 years from Subang Jaya, Malaysia were randomly selected from an electoral-roll list. The men completed questionnaires that included: socio-demographic data, self-reported medical problems and the International Index of erectile function (IIEF-5). Physical examination and the following biochemical tests were performed: lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and total testosterone. The response rate was 62.8% and the mean age of men was 55.8 ± 8.4 (41-93) years. Ethnic distribution was Chinese, 48.9%; Malay, 34.5%; Indian, 14.8%. The prevalence of moderate-severe ED was 20.0%, while 16.1% of men had TDS (< 10.4 nmol/L) and 31.3% of men had MS. Indian and Malay men were significantly more likely to have ED (p = 0.001), TDS (p < 0.001) and MS (p < 0.001) than the Chinese. Multivariate regression analysis showed that elevated blood pressure, elevated FBG, low high-density lipoprotein and heart disease were predictors of ED while all MS components were independently associated with TDS. Malay and Indian men have a higher disease burden compared to Chinese men and were more likely to suffer with ED, TDS and MS. MS components were closely related to TDS and ED.

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  • Obesity can be an important confounder when testosterone levels are compared across different ethnic groups.

    “Obesity can be an important confounder when testosterone levels are compared across different ethnic groups.”

    From Lowered testosterone in male obesity: Mechanisms, morbidity and management (2014) · cites this paper as [22]

    Table I (MS components and ED) shows that BMI and testosterone-deficiency prevalence differ across the ethnic groups, and the Prevalence of TDS section reports an association between BMI and testosterone deficiency. These findings make obesity a plausible confounder, but the paper does not show that adjusting for obesity changes comparisons of testosterone levels between ethnic groups; it reports deficiency defined by a testosterone threshold rather than comparisons of levels. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In the Malaysian study, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 2.8% for men 40 to 49, 6.0% for men 50 to 59, 18.5% for men 60 to 69, and 29.5% for men 70 to 79 years old.

    “In the Malaysian study, the prevalence was 2.8% for men 40 to 49, 6.0% for men 50 to 59, 18.5% for men 60 to 69, and 29.5% for men 70 to 79 years old.”

    From Incidence and Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Women and Men: A Consensus Statement from the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine 2015 (2016) · cites this paper as [48]

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1 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Institute of Medicine. Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2002.

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Authors
Tan, W. S., Ng, C. J., Khoo, E.-M., Low, W.-Y., & Tan, H. M.
Affiliations
  • North Middlesex Hospital (GB)
  • University of Malaya (MY)
Corresponding author
Tan, Wei Shen
ORCID
Venue
The Aging Male
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2011-11-24
Volume
14
Issue
4
Pages
231-236
ISSN
  • 1368-5538 (ISSN-L)
  • 1473-0790
DOI
10.3109/13685538.2011.597463
OpenAlex
W2085688025
Cited by
43
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI
2.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Aging Male (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The University of Malaya Research Repository (University of Malaya) (submittedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Universiti Malaya
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Male Reproductive Health Studies
Keywords
erectile dysfunction, androgen deficiency, metabolic syndrome, male sexual health, ethnic differences, Malaysian men, Subang Jaya, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, heart disease, IIEF-5
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, Heart Diseases, Humans, Hypertension, Erectile Dysfunction, Lipids, Lipoproteins, HDL, Malaysia, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Testosterone, Prevalence, Metabolic Syndrome, Asian People, Men's Health

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