Ventricular arrhythmia in unrepaired and repaired tetralogy of Fallot: relation to age, timing of repair, and haemodynamic status
Open accessAbstract
Ventricular arrhythmias are common after repair of tetralogy of Fallot and are associated with late sudden death. This study examined the relation of ventricular arrhythmia during normal daily activities to the timing of repair, duration of follow up, and postoperative haemodynamic status. Forty eight hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was performed in 145 patients: 60 (aged 3 months to 46 years) had not yet undergone repair and 85 were followed from four to 22 (mean 14.6) years after repair. Cardiac catheterisation was performed in 47 (55%) one to 22 (mean 8.9) years after repair. Twelve (20%) of the uncorrected group had ventricular arrhythmia. The incidence increased significantly with age from 0% in patients aged less than 8 years to 58% in those aged greater than or equal to 16 years. In the corrected group 44% had ventricular arrhythmia. The incidence of arrhythmia was associated with older age at repair but not with postoperative haemodynamic status, duration of follow up, or era of surgery. It is concluded that ventricular arrhythmia is common in older patients with tetralogy of Fallot before repair and that during long term follow up of patients after repair the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia is influenced by the timing of surgery rather that the duration of postoperative follow up, era of surgery, or the haemodynamic result.
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In a multicentre study, the rate of ventricular arrhythmia was 20% in patients operated between ages 8 and 15 years, and increased to 58% in patients operated after age 16 years.
“In a multicentre study, the rate of ventricular arrhythmia was 20% in patients who had undergone surgery between the ages of 8 and 15 years, and it increased to 58% in patients operated on after the age of 16 years.26”
From Tetralogy of Fallot in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
The Ambulatory monitoring results (p. 79) report ventricular arrhythmia in 42% of patients repaired at ages 8–15 and 73% of those repaired at age 16 or older, not 20% and 58%. The 58% figure instead describes older patients who had not undergone repair (p. 78). (LLM, conf=0.93)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe rate of ventricular arrhythmia increases with the age of repair for tetralogy of Fallot.
“In fact, the rate of ventricular arrhythmia increases with the age of repair.”
From Tetralogy of Fallot in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Deanfield, J. E., McKenna, W. J., Presbitero, P., England, D., Graham, G. R., & Hallidie-Smith, K.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (IT)
- Great Ormond Street Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Heart
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1984-07-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 77-81
- ISSN
- 1355-6037 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC481588
- OpenAlex
- W2066556473
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Heart (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Keywords
- ventricular arrhythmias, tetralogy of Fallot, timing of surgical repair, age at repair, sudden cardiac death, long-term follow-up, Holter monitoring, cardiac catheterization, repaired tetralogy of Fallot
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Ventricles, Hemodynamics, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Tetralogy of Fallot, Time Factors
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