Are we all in this together? Longitudinal assessment of cumulative adversities by socioeconomic position in the first 3 weeks of lockdown in the UK
Open accessAbstract
Background: Despite media claims that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uniting societies and countries in shared experience, there has been concern that the pandemic is in fact exposing and widening existing inequalities within societies. Data have shown these differences for cases and fatalities, but data on other types of adversities are lacking. Therefore, this study explored the changing patterns of adversity relating to the COVID-19 pandemic by socioeconomic position (SEP) during the early weeks of lockdown in the UK. Methods: Data were from 12 527 UK adults in the University College London COVID-19 Social Study (a panel study that involves online weekly data collection from participants during the COVID-19 pandemic). We analysed data collected from 25 March to 14 April 2020. The sample was well-stratified and weighted to population proportions of gender, age, ethnicity, education and country of living. We used Poisson and logit models to assess 10 different types of adverse experiences depending on an index of SEP over time. Results: There was a clear gradient across the number of adverse events experienced each week by SEP. This was most clearly seen for adversities relating to finances (including loss of employment and cut in income) and basic needs (including access to food and medications) but less for experiences directly relating to the virus. Inequalities were maintained with no reductions in discrepancies between socioeconomic groups over time. Conclusions: There were clear inequalities in adverse experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the early weeks of lockdown in the UK. Results suggest that measures taken to try to reduce such adverse events did not go far enough in tackling inequality.
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Individuals with lower household income had consistently worse mental health than individuals with higher household income, which has been proposed to be linked to higher experiences of adversities such as job losses, decreases in household income, and challenges to pay bills.
“Similarly, individuals with lower household income had consistently worse mental health than individuals with a higher household income, which has been proposed to be linked to higher experiences of adversities such as job losses, decreases in household income, and challenges to pay bills.3”
From Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Wright, L., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fancourt, Daisy
- Venue
- Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2020-06-05
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 683-688
- ISSN
- 0141-7681 (ISSN-L)
- 0143-005X
- 1470-2738
- PMC
- PMC7298206
- OpenAlex
- W3033725206
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 23
- FWCI
- 17.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (221400/Z/20/Z, 205407/Z/16/Z)
- UK Research and Innovation
- Nuffield Foundation
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/S002588/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Social impacts of COVID-19
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, socioeconomic disparities, cumulative adversity, socioeconomic position, financial hardship, job loss, income loss, food insecurity, access to medicines, social determinants of health, United Kingdom
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Income, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Quality of Life, Quarantine, Social Conditions, Socioeconomic Factors, Cost of Illness, Coronavirus Infections, Sickness Impact Profile, Young Adult, Economic Recession, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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