Social isolation, mental health, and use of digital interventions in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationally representative survey
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Abstract
Background: Public health measures to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates may have negative psychosocial consequences in youth. Digital interventions may help to mitigate these effects. We investigated the associations between social isolation, COVID-19-related cognitive preoccupation, worries, and anxiety, objective social risk indicators, and psychological distress, as well as use of, and attitude toward, mobile health (mHealth) interventions in youth. Methods: Data were collected as part of the “Mental Health And Innovation During COVID-19 Survey”—a cross-sectional panel study including a representative sample of individuals aged 16–25 years ( N = 666; M age = 21.3; assessment period: May 5, 2020 to May 16, 2020). Results: Overall, 38% of youth met criteria for moderate or severe psychological distress. Social isolation worries and anxiety, and objective risk indicators were associated with psychological distress, with evidence of dose–response relationships for some of these associations. For instance, psychological distress was progressively more likely to occur as levels of social isolation increased (reporting “never” as reference group: “occasionally”: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–19.1, p < 0.001; “often”: aOR 22.2, CI 9.8–50.2, p < 0.001; “very often”: aOR 42.3, CI 14.1–126.8, p < 0.001). There was evidence that psychological distress, worries, and anxiety were associated with a positive attitude toward using mHealth interventions, whereas psychological distress, worries, and anxiety were associated with actual use. Conclusions: Public health measures during pandemics may be associated with poor mental health outcomes in youth. Evidence-based digital interventions may help mitigate the negative psychosocial impact without risk of viral infection given there is an objective need and subjective demand.
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The online approach can reduce the possibility of infection caused by person-to-person contact and the cost of the client's access to services.
“The online approach can reduce the possibility of infection caused by person-toperson contact and the cost of the client ' s access to services (Rauschenberg et al., 2021; Wasil et al., 2021).”
From The Online Strength-Informed Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Among COVID-19-Affected Adolescents. (2022) · cites this paper as Rauschenberg et al., 2021
The Introduction (page unavailable) says digital interventions do not require face-to-face contact and can provide care without the risk of viral infection. It describes care as “low-threshold,” but does not say that online delivery reduces clients’ costs of accessing services. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Rauschenberg, C., Schick, A., Goetzl, C., Roehr, S., Riedel-Heller, S. G., Koppe, G., Durstewitz, D., Krumm, S., & Reininghaus, U.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rauschenberg, Christian
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e20-e20
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- PMC
- PMC7985650
- OpenAlex
- W3134046440
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 22.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- social isolation, youth mental health, COVID-19 pandemic, mobile health intervention, digital interventions, psychological distress, anxiety, worry, public health measures, adolescents and young adults
- MeSH terms
- Internet-Based Intervention, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Quarantine, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Telemedicine, Young Adult
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