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Determinants of leisure time physical activity in rural compared with urban older and ethnically diverse women in the United States

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Wilcox, Sara, Castro, Cynthia, King, Abby C, Housemann, Robyn, Brownson, Ross C·2000·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

DOI 10.1136/jech.54.9.667PMC PMC1731735

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Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Determinants of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in rural middle aged and older women of diverse racial and ethnic groups are not well understood. This study examined: (1) urban-rural differences in LTPA by sociodemographic factors, (2) urban-rural differences in LTPA determinants, and (3) the pattern of relations between LTPA determinants and LTPA. DESIGN: A modified version of the sampling plan of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) was used. Zip codes were selected with 20% or more of each of the following race/ethnic groups: African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN), and Hispanic. A comparison group of white women were also surveyed using standard BRFSS techniques. PARTICIPANTS: Rural (n=1242) and urban (n=1096) women aged 40 years and older from the US Women's Determinants Study. MAIN RESULTS: Rural women, especially Southern and less educated women, were more sedentary than urban women. Rural women reported more personal barriers to LTPA, cited caregiving duties as their top barrier (compared with lack of time for urban women), and had greater body mass indices. Rural women were less likely to report sidewalks, streetlights, high crime, access to facilities, and frequently seeing others exercise in their neighbourhood. Multivariate correlates of sedentary behaviour in rural women were AI/AN and African American race, older age, less education, lack of enjoyable scenery, not frequently seeing others exercise, greater barriers, and less social support (p<0.05); and in urban women, older age, greater barriers, less social support (p<0.05), and less education (p<0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Rural and urban women seem to face different barriers and enablers to LTPA, and have a different pattern of determinants, thus providing useful information for designing more targeted interventions.

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Authors: Wilcox, S., Castro, C., King, A. C., Housemann, R., & Brownson, R. C.
Affiliations: University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author: Wilcox, Sara
ORCID: Wilcox, Sara
Castro, Cynthia
King, Abby C
Venue: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2000-09-01
Volume: 54
Issue: 9
Pages: 667-672
ISSN: 0141-7681 (ISSN-L)
0143-005X
1470-2738
DOI: 10.1136/jech.54.9.667
PMC: PMC1731735
OpenAlex: W2080824123
Cited by: 676
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 8.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Women's Health Initiative
Saint Louis University
National Institutes of Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
U.S. Public Health Service (U48CCU710806)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Recreational Sport and Physical Activity
Keywords: leisure-time physical activity, urban-rural differences, older women, sedentary behavior, barriers to physical activity, social support, racial and ethnic disparities, African American women, Hispanic women, neighbourhood built environment, educational attainment
MeSH terms: Adult, Demography, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Middle Aged, Rural Health, United States, Urban Health, Exercise, Logistic Models

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Determinants of leisure time physical activity in rural compared with urban older and ethnically diverse women in the United States

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