Obesity and Physical Inactivity in Rural America
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Context and Purpose: Obesity and physical inactivity are common in the United States, but few studies examine this issue within rural populations. The present study uses nationally representative data to study obesity and physical inactivity in rural populations. Methods: Data came from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey Sample Adult and Adult Prevention Module. Self‐reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index. Physical inactivity was defined using self‐reported leisure‐time physical activity. Analyses included descriptive statistics, x 2 tests, and logistic regression. Findings: Obesity was more common among rural (20.4%, 95% CI 19.2%–21.6%) than urban adults (17.8%, 95% CI 17.2%–18.4%). Rural residents of every racial/ethnic group were at higher risk of obesity than urban whites, other factors held equal. Other predictors of obesity included being male, age 25–74, lacking a high school diploma, having physical limitations, fair to poor health, and a history of smoking. Proportionately more rural adults were physically inactive than their urban peers (62.8% versus 59.3%). Among rural residents, minorities were not significantly more likely to be inactive than whites. Males and younger adults were less likely to be inactive. Rural adults who were from the Midwest and South, had less than a high school education, had fair to poor health, and currently smoked were more likely to be inactive compared to their respective referent group. Conclusions: The high prevalence of obesity and inactive lifestyles among rural populations call for research into effective rural interventions.
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In prior studies, rural adults were less likely to meet physical activity recommendations than urban adults.
“In contrast, the 1998 NHIS6 and 2 national physical activity surveys conducted in the late 1990s based on modified BRFSS physical activity items21,22 showed rural adults were less likely to meet physical activity recommendations than urban adults.”
From Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults From Rural and Urban Areas of the United States: Findings From NHANES (2005‐2008) (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
Prior BRFSS and NHIS data showed higher obesity prevalence in rural compared to urban counties.
“Data from the 2000–2001 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)5 and the 1997–1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)6 revealed higher obesity prevalence in rural compared to urban counties.”
From Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults From Rural and Urban Areas of the United States: Findings From NHANES (2005‐2008) (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
The rural-urban difference in obesity prevalence observed with measured height and weight was larger than previously reported using self-reported data from NHIS and BRFSS.
“Although a significant rural-urban difference in obesity prevalence has been previously reported using self-reported data from NHIS 1997–1998 and BRFSS 2000–2001 (20–23% and 18–20% for rural and urban, respectively),5,6 the difference in percentage points we observed with measured height and weight was larger (39.6% versus 33.4% for rural and urban, respectively).”
From Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults From Rural and Urban Areas of the United States: Findings From NHANES (2005‐2008) (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Patterson, P. D., Moore, C. G., Probst, J. C., & Shinogle, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Patterson, Paul Daniel
- Venue
- The Journal of Rural Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-159
- ISSN
- 0890-765X (ISSN-L)
- 1748-0361
- OpenAlex
- W2098748795
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 9.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Rural Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (1 U1C RH 00045-02)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- obesity, physical inactivity, rural population, urban-rural differences, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, educational attainment, health status, racial and ethnic disparities
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Obesity, Rural Health, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Urban Health, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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