Dietary niacin and the risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease and of cognitive decline
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Dementia can be caused by severe niacin insufficiency, but it is unknown whether variation in intake of niacin in the usual diet is linked to neurodegenerative decline. We examined whether dietary intake of niacin was associated with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline in a large, prospective study. METHODS: This study was conducted in 1993-2002 in a geographically defined Chicago community of 6158 residents aged 65 years and older. Nutrient intake was determined by food frequency questionnaire. Four cognitive tests were administered to all study participants at 3 year intervals in a 6 year follow up. A total of 3718 participants had dietary data and at least two cognitive assessments for analyses of cognitive change over a median 5.5 years. Clinical evaluations were performed on a stratified random sample of 815 participants initially unaffected by AD, and 131 participants were diagnosed with 4 year incident AD by standardised criteria. RESULTS: Energy adjusted niacin intake had a protective effect on development of AD and cognitive decline. In a logistic regression model, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for incident AD from lowest to highest quintiles of total niacin intake were: 1.0 (referent) 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6), 0.3 (0.1 to 0.7), 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3), and 0.3 (0.1 to 0.7) adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and ApoE e4 status. Niacin intake from foods was also inversely associated with AD (p for linear trend = 0.002 in the adjusted model). In an adjusted random effects model, higher food intake of niacin was associated with a slower annual rate of cognitive decline, by 0.019 standardised units (SU) per natural log increase in intake (mg) (p = 0.05). Stronger associations were observed in analyses that excluded participants with a history of cardiovascular disease (beta = 0.028 SU/year; p = 0.008), those with low baseline cognitive scores (beta = 0.023 SU/year; p = 0.02), or those with fewer than 12 years' education (beta = 0.035 SU/year; p = 0.002) CONCLUSION: Dietary niacin may protect against AD and age related cognitive decline.
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Positive associations exist between niacin status and risk of Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline, and higher niacin intake is associated with better cognitive test results.
“Positive associations have been found between niacin (vitamin B3) status and the risk of Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline [152].”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [152]
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- Authors
- Morris, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morris, M C
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2004-08-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1093-1099
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1739176
- OpenAlex
- W1982407680
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG013170, AG13170, AG-11101, R01AG011101)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- nicotinic acid, dietary intake, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline, dementia risk, older adults, neuroprotection, cardiovascular disease, educational attainment, APOE ε4, food frequency questionnaire, prospective cohort, random effects models, linear trend analysis, relative risk, niacin supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Hypolipidemic Agents, Cognition Disorders, Diet, Female, Humans, Male, Niacin, Nutritional Status, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors
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