Functional symptoms in neurology: management

Stone, J

doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.061663

Cited by 141Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsFibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ResearchMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation

Functional symptoms in neurology: management

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Stone, J·2005·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

DOI 10.1136/jnnp.2004.061663PMC PMC1765682

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Abstract

Precipitating c Abnormal physiological event or state (e.g.hyperventilation, sleep deprivation, sleep paralysis) c Perception of life event as negative, unexpected c Symptom modelling (via media or personal contact) c Physical injury/pain c Depression/anxiety c Life events and difficulties c Acute dissociative episode/panic attack Perpetuating c Plasticity in CNS motor and sensory (including pain) pathways c Perception of symptoms as being outwith personal control/due to disease c Fear/avoidance of work or family responsibilities c Deconditioning (e.g.lack of physical fitness in chronic fatigue, deconditioning of vestibular responsiveness in patients with dizziness who hold their head still) c Anxiety/catastrophisation about cause of symptoms c The presence of a welfare system c Neuroendocrine and immunological abnormalities similar to those seen in depression and anxiety c Not being believed c Social benefits of being ill c Avoidance of symptom provocation (e.g.exercise in fatigue) c Availability of legal compensation

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FTLBs are suggested to have unique psychological and pathophysiological underpinnings and are best conceptualized using a biopsychosocial model.
“they are suggested to have unique psychological and pathophysiological underpinnings (15) and are best conceptualized using a biopsychosocial model (16, 17).”
From Integrated cognitive behavioral intervention for functional tics (I-CBiT): case reports and treatment formulation (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
The citation to this paper applies to the biopsychosocial-model clause, not the preceding claim about unique underpinnings, which cites reference 15. The section “WHAT CAUSES FUNCTIONAL SYMPTOMS?” recognizes biological, psychological, and social factors in functional symptoms, but the paper does not specifically address functional tic-like behaviours (FTLBs). No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“Further, while FTLBs share many common features with primary tic disorders, they are suggested to have unique psychological and pathophysiological underpinnings (15) and are best conceptualized using a biopsychosocial model (16, 17).”
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Authors: Stone, J.
Affiliations: Western General Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Stone, J
ORCID: Stone, J
Venue: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2005-03-01
Volume: 76
Issue: suppl_1
Pages: i13-i21
ISSN: 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.061663
PMC: PMC1765682
OpenAlex: W2121851697
Cited by: 141
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 5.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Keywords: functional neurological symptoms, symptom management, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, chronic fatigue, dizziness, dissociative disorders, panic attacks, catastrophizing, fear avoidance, deconditioning, legal compensation, neuroendocrine abnormalities
MeSH terms: Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Attitude of Health Personnel, Diagnosis, Differential, Factitious Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Medical History Taking, Nervous System Diseases, Neurology, Patient Education as Topic, Physician-Patient Relations, Prognosis, Psychiatry, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Psychotherapy, Referral and Consultation, Rehabilitation, Somatoform Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Physical Therapy Modalities

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