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Emotion-related learning in patients with social and emotional changes associated with frontal lobe damage.
Open accessAbstract
A group of patients with damage to the ventral part of the frontal lobes was severely impaired relative to a group of patients without damage in this area (the non-ventral group) in the reversal and in the extinction of simple visual discrimination tests. In these tests they continued to make responses to a previously rewarded stimulus. Patients often reported verbally that the contingencies had changed, but were unable to alter their behaviour appropriately. These impairments occurred independently of IQ or verbal memory impairments. The perseverative touching of a previously rewarded stimulus is consistent with work with non-human primates showing impaired reversal and extinction after orbitofrontal lesions. Performance on these reversal and extinction tests was highly correlated with scores obtained on a behaviour questionnaire, which reflected the degree of disinhibited and socially inappropriate behaviour exhibited by patients. It is suggested that a difficulty in modifying responses, especially when followed by negative consequences, as manifested in these simple laboratory tests, may contribute to the inappropriate behaviour shown in daily life by patients with frontal lobe damage.
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“Consistent with the idea that the OFC unites internal and external sensory information, the lateral OFC and the medial OFC have been linked to associative learning (Rolls et al. 1994; 1996) decision making (e.g., Bechara et al. 1996; 2000; Koenigs et al. 2007) and reversal learning, in which the reward values associated with choice options are reversed and animals must learn the current reward”
From The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review (2012) · cites this paper as Rolls et al. 1994
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Other consequences of OFC lesions include impulsive or perserverative behaviors (Bechara et al., 1994; Berlin et al., 2004; Rolls et al., 1994).”
From Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction (2009) · cites this paper as Rolls et al., 1994
In the citing paper
“Consistent with this neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence, lesions of the OFC can impair behavioural changes to non-reward. For example, reward reversal learning is impaired during decision-making in humans, who continue responding to the previously rewarded, now non-rewarded, stimulus (Rolls et al., 1994; Hornak et al., 2004; Fellows, 2011).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Rolls et al., 1994
In the citing paper
“Humans with OFC lesions may also be less sensitive to reward, as shown by their reduced subjective emotional feelings and altered social and emotional behaviour and problems with face and voice expression processing (Rolls et al., 1994; Hornak et al., 1996, 2003; Rolls, 2021b).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Rolls et al., 1994
In the citing paper
“That is in strong contrast to the OFC, which is involved in subjective emotional experience, as shown by the evidence just cited.”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Rolls et al., 1994
In the citing paper
“However, the balance may shift towards the OFC in humans, in that it is OFC damage in humans that produces profound changes in social and emotional behaviour, and subjective emotional experience, as well as in reward reversal learning (Rolls et al., 1994; Hornak et al., 1996; 2003; Berlin et al., 2004, 2005; Hornak et al., 2004; Rolls, 2019c).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Rolls et al., 1994
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rolls, E. T., Hornak, J., Wade, D., & McGrath, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1994-12-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1518-1524
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1073235
- OpenAlex
- W1971078086
- Cited by
- 1,005
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- frontal lobe damage, orbitofrontal cortex, reversal learning, extinction learning, visual discrimination learning, perseveration
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Brain Injuries, Discrimination, Psychological, Emotions, Extinction, Psychological, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reversal Learning, Social Behavior, Visual Perception, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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