Alzheimer’s disease after remote head injury: an incidence study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a history of remote head injury as a risk factor for subsequent dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: 271 participants of a community based longitudinal study of aging in north Manhattan without evidence of significant cognitive impairment were interrogated for a history of head injury on two occasions at entry into the study. The examining physician sought a history of head injury with loss of conciousness. Independently, a risk factor interviewer inquired about a history of head injury with loss of consiousness or amnesia, the duration of any loss of consiousness, and the date of the head injury. Patients were followed up with standardised annual evaluations for up to five years to determine the first occurrence of dementia. RESULTS: Over the course of the study incident dementia due to probable or possible Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed in 39 patients. Cox proportional hazards modelling showed that a history of head injury with loss of consiousness reported to the physician was associated with earlier onset of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (relative risk (RR) = 4.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-12.7). head injury with loss of consiousness or amnesia reported to the risk factor interviewer was not significantly associated with earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease overall (RR 2.0, 95% CI 0.7-6.2), but those who reported loss of consiousness exceeding five minutes were at significantly increased risk (RR 11.2, 95% CI 2.3-59.8). Incident Alzheimer's disease was significantly associated with head injury which occurred within the preceding 30 years (RR 5.4, 95% CI 1.5-19.5). CONCLUSION: The results of this cohort study are consistent with the findings of several case-control studies suggesting that head injury may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
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Numerous population-based studies demonstrate that head injury during adulthood increases the risk of AD later in life.
“First, numerous population-based studies demonstrate that head injury during adulthood increases the risk of AD later in life (12–19)”
From The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
The Results (page not supplied) report an increased risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease for participants who reported head injury with loss of consciousness to a physician. But the Discussion (page not supplied) describes the association cautiously, and notes that two earlier cohort studies failed to find it. This paper therefore supports an association in its cohort, not the stronger claim that numerous population-based studies demonstrate an increased risk specifically from injury during adulthood. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Schofield, P. W., Tang, M., Marder, K., Bell, K., Dooneief, G., Chun, M., Sano, M., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1997-02-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 119-124
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC486721
- OpenAlex
- W2110498232
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r35ag010963-04)
- National Institute on Aging (AG08702, P01AG007232, AG 07232, P50AG008702, AG10963)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, dementia risk factors, loss of consciousness, amnesia, longitudinal cohort
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, New York City, Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors, Unconsciousness, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Chi-Square Distribution, Proportional Hazards Models, Age of Onset
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