Cited by 495Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationWorkplace Health and Well-beingMedical Practices and Rehabilitation

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Prognostic factors for duration of sick leave in patients sick listed with acute low back pain: a systematic review of the literature

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Steenstra, I A, Verbeek, J H, Heymans, M W, Bongers, P M·2005·Occupational and Environmental Medicine

DOI 10.1136/oem.2004.015842PMC PMC1740930

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Abstract

Background:The percentages of patients with acute low back pain (LBP) that go on to a chronic state varies between studies from 2% to 34%. In some of these cases low back pain leads to great costs. Aims:To evaluate the evidence for prognostic factors for return to work among workers sick listed with acute LBP. Methods:Systematic literature search with a quality assessment of studies, assessment of levels of evidence for all factors, and pooling of effect sizes. Results:Inclusion of studies in the review was restricted to inception cohort studies of workers with LBP on sick leave for less than six weeks, with the outcome measured in absolute terms, relative terms, survival curve, or duration of sick leave. Of the studies, 18 publications (14 cohorts) fulfilled all inclusion criteria. One low quality study, four moderate quality studies, and nine high quality studies were identified; 79 prognostic factors were studied and grouped in eight categories for which the evidence was assessed. Conclusions:Specific LBP, higher disability levels, older age, female gender, more social dysfunction and more social isolation, heavier work, and receiving higher compensation were identified as predictors for a longer duration of sick leave. A history of LBP, job satisfaction, educational level, marital status, number of dependants, smoking, working more than 8 hour shifts, occupation, and size of industry or company do not influence duration of sick leave due to LBP. Many different constructs were measured to identify psychosocial predictors of long term sick leave, which made it impossible to determine the role of these factors.

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Authors: Steenstra, I. A., Verbeek, J. H., Heymans, M. W., & Bongers, P. M.
Affiliations: Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FI)
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
Corresponding author: Steenstra, I A
ORCID: Steenstra, I A
Verbeek, J H
Heymans, M W
Venue: Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2005-11-18
Volume: 62
Issue: 12
Pages: 851-860
ISSN: 0007-1072 (ISSN-L)
1351-0711
1470-7926
DOI: 10.1136/oem.2004.015842
PMC: PMC1740930
OpenAlex: W2123717004
Cited by: 495
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 1.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Funders: ZonMw
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Keywords: acute low back pain, sick leave duration, return to work, prognostic factors, psychosocial risk factors, social isolation, social dysfunction, disability, compensation, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, workers
MeSH terms: Acute Disease, Age Factors, Disability Evaluation, Humans, Prognosis, Sex Factors, Social Isolation, Work Schedule Tolerance, Cohort Studies, Low Back Pain, Disease Progression, Sick Leave

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Prognostic factors for duration of sick leave in patients sick listed with acute low back pain: a systematic review of the literature

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