CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 342Smoking Behavior and CessationGlobal Public Health Policies and EpidemiologyConsumer Market Behavior and Pricing

Tax, price and cigarette smoking: evidence from the tobacco documents and implications for tobacco company marketing strategies: Figure 1

Open access
Chaloupka, F J, Cummings, K M, Morley, CP, Horan, JK·2002·Tobacco Control
DOI 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i62PMC PMC1766067
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Objective: To examine tobacco company documents to determine what the companies knew about the impact of cigarette prices on smoking among youth, young adults, and adults, and to evaluate how this understanding affected their pricing and price related marketing strategies. Methods: Data for this study come from tobacco industry documents contained in the Youth and Marketing database created by the Roswell Park Cancer Institute and available through http:// roswell.tobaccodocuments.org, supplemented with documents obtained from http://www.tobaccodocuments.org. Results: Tobacco company documents provide clear evidence on the impact of cigarette prices on cigarette smoking, describing how tax related and other price increases lead to significant reductions in smoking, particularly among young persons. This information was very important in developing the industry's pricing strategies, including the development of lower price branded generics and the pass through of cigarette excise tax increases, and in developing a variety of price related marketing efforts, including multi-pack discounts, couponing, and others. Conclusions: Pricing and price related promotions are among the most important marketing tools employed by tobacco companies. Future tobacco control efforts that aim to raise prices and limit price related marketing efforts are likely to be important in achieving reductions in tobacco use and the public health toll caused by tobacco.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i62

Cites

27 of 27 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Industry documents demonstrate that tobacco companies understand the impact of tax increases on consumption and have developed pricing strategies that could partly counter these effects, such as development of lower-cost generics and price-related marketing efforts such as multipack discounts and couponing.

    “Industry documents demonstrate that tobacco companies understand the impact of tax increases on consumption and have developed pricing strategies that could partly counter these effects, such as development of lower-cost generics and price-related marketing efforts such as multipack discounts and couponing.212”

    From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [212]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Farrelly MC, Bray JW, Office on Smoking and Health. Responses to Increases in cigarette prices by race/ethnicity, income, and age groups - United States, 1976-1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998;47:605-9.
  2. Johnston M. Price increases and cigarette sales -the Harris article. Philip Morris USA. July 15, 1987. Access date: December 3, 2001. Bates No. 2058122171-2058122172. URL: http://www.pmdocs.com/ Tax, price and cigarette smoking i71 www.tobaccocontrol.com on August 1, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i62 on 1 March 2002. Downloaded from
  3. Chaloupka, Cummings, Morley, et al www.tobaccocontrol.com on August 1, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i62 on 1 March 2002. Downloaded

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Chaloupka, F. J., Cummings, K. M., Morley, C., & Horan, J.
Affiliations
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Chaloupka, F J
ORCID
Venue
Tobacco Control
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2002-03
Volume
11
Issue
suppl 1
Pages
i62-i72
ISSN
  • 0964-4563 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-3318
DOI
10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i62
PMC
PMC1766067
OpenAlex
W2171472183
Cited by
342
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 17
FWCI
6.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Tobacco Control (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ca077021-03)
  • National Cancer Institute (CA77021-03, CA 16056-26, CA87696-01, R01CA087696, P30CA016056)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Keywords
cigarette prices, tobacco excise tax, tobacco industry marketing, adolescent smoking, smoking cessation, couponing, tobacco control
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Advertising, Commerce, Costs and Cost Analysis, Documentation, Humans, Smoking, Taxes, United States, Product Packaging, Tobacco Industry

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review