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What makes for an effective stop-smoking service?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The English network of stop-smoking services (SSSs) is among the best-value life-preserving clinical intervention in the UK NHS and is internationally renowned. However, success varies considerably across services, making it important to examine the factors that influence their effectiveness. METHODS: Data from 126,890 treatment episodes in 24 SSSs in 2009-10 were used to assess the association between intervention characteristics and success rates, adjusting for key smoker characteristics. Treatment characteristics examined were setting (eg, primary care, specialist clinics, pharmacy), type of support (eg, group, one-to-one) and medication (eg, varenicline, single nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), combination of two or more forms of NRT). The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking 4 weeks after the target quit date, verified by carbon monoxide concentration in expired air. RESULTS: There was substantial variation in success rates across intervention characteristics after adjusting for smoker characteristics. Single NRT was associated with higher success rates than no medication (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.22); combination NRT and varenicline were more successful than single NRT (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.91 and OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.02, respectively); group support was linked to higher success rates than one-to-one support (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.76); primary care settings were less successful than specialist clinics (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Routine clinic data support findings from randomised controlled trials that smokers receiving stop-smoking support from specialist clinics, treatment in groups and varenicline or combination NRT are more likely to succeed than those receiving treatment in primary care, one-to-one and single NRT. All smokers should have access to, and be encouraged to use, the most effective intervention options.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brose, L. S., West, R., McDermott, M. S., Fidler, J. A., Croghan, E., & McEwen, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Cancer Research UK (GB)
- Department of Health and Social Care (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Brose, L. S.
- Venue
- Thorax
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2011-06-27
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 924-926
- ISSN
- 0040-6376 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164069574
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 10.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Thorax (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (C1417/A7972, C1417)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (T336/BSS/M)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, smoking cessation services, nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, group support, one-to-one support, primary care, specialist clinics, abstinence, carbon monoxide measurement, intervention effectiveness, National Health Service
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, United Kingdom, Humans, Primary Health Care, Smoking Cessation, Nicotinic Agonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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