Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
Folch, J., Ascoli, I., Lees, M. B., Meath, J. A., & Lebaron, F. N. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55987-1 · Cited by 1,341
Storage of Frozen Plaice Fillets
Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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Lindner, K., van Ek, L. C., Awwad, K., Hanke, F., Korepanova, A. V., Rybin, V., Beckenbauer, K., & Gavin, A. (2022) · STAR Protocols · doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101894 · Cited by 4
Chemical Safety and Quality Attributes of Dried Sausage Snacks Stored in Modified Atmosphere
Majcherczyk, J., Maciejaszek, I., & Surówka, K. (2022) · International Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1155/2022/6173613 · Cited by 3
“Water content was determined by drying at 103°C to a constant weight using an oven SLN 32 ECO (POL-EKOAPARATURA, Poland) [27]; ash at a combustion temperature of 550°C in a laboratory chamber furnace L 05/12 (LAC, Czech Republic) [28]; protein by the Kjeldahl method [29]; and total lipids using the Soxhlet method [30].”
Method
Optimization of Lipid Accumulation by Yarrowia lipolytica Growing on Fermented Food Waste in Two-Stage Batch Strategy
Khaligh, S. S., Polat, E., & Altınbaş, M. (2022) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-022-02009-z · Cited by 3
“lipolytica growing on YPD medium was quantified by both phospho-vanillin and modified Bligh & Dyer method [82].”
Method
Free Fatty Acids from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Serum Remodel Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lipids, Hindering Differentiation into Primordial Germ Cells
Norouzi, Z., Zarezadeh, R., Mehdizadeh, A., Niafar, M., Germeyer, A., Fayyazpour, P., & Fayezi, S. (2022) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-022-04204-z · Cited by 3
“To isolate the FFAs from the nDPWS and DPWS samples, Bligh and Dyer’s method was used for total lipid extraction [26].”
Method
Conference Proceedings – 6th International Conference on Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarker Discovery (MDBD 2022): Building Resilience in Biomedical Research
Zainulabid, U. A., Dian, N. D., Juma’at, J. E., Periyasamy, P. R., Kori, N., Cheah, S. K., Wahab, A. A., & Idris, Z. M. (2022) · BMC Proceedings · doi:10.1186/s12919-022-00237-8 · Cited by 3
Non-destructive determination of the oil content in peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) flour using NMR and NIR spectroscopies
Santos, Y. J. D. S., CAMPOS, N. A., Bicca, G. B., Sora, G. T. D. S., Polesi, L. F., Alberte, T. M., dos Santos, P. M., Garcia, R. H. D. S., Colnago, L. A., Agropecuária, E. B. D. P., et al. (2023) · Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1590/fst.112322 · Cited by 3
“The oil content in ninety-three samples were determined by the Bligh and Dyer method (Bligh & Dyer, 1959).”
Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Brassica carinata meal hydrolysate for enhanced lipid and lutein production
Martin, J., & Philippidis, G. P. (2023) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-023-03854-1 · Cited by 3
Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and brown seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) from Sabah, Malaysia
Nurshahida, M. S. F., Hamimi, I. A., Aini, M. A. N., & Nazikussabah, Z. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0114177 · Cited by 3
A single point mutation expands the applicability of ostreolysin A6 in biomedicine
Panevska, A., Čegovnik, N., Fortuna, K., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28949-7 · Cited by 3
Estimating trophic guilds based on isotopic niches of demersal fishes, squids and crustaceans in the East China Sea
Kawauchi, Y., Sakai, T., Yoda, M., et al. (2023) · Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1071/mf22205 · Cited by 3
Optimized infrared-assisted extraction to obtain total lipid from microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus : a green approach
Correa-Aguado, H. C., Cerrillo-Rojas, G. V., Flores, M. M. A., Zavala-Castillo, S., & Morales-Domínguez, J. F. (2023) · International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering · doi:10.1515/ijcre-2022-0107 · Cited by 3
Insulambacter thermoxylanivorax sp. nov., a thermophilic xylanolytic bacterium isolated from compost
Chhe, C., Uke, A., Baramee, S., et al. (2023) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005724 · Cited by 3
Extraction of bioactive compounds from Peruvian purple corn cob by high isostatic pressure
Sánchez, J. S. G., Cazarin, C. B. B., Canesin, M. R., et al. (2023) · Scientia Agropecuaria · doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.005 · Cited by 3
“The moisture and ash contents were determined by gravimetric methods (AOAC, 2005); the crude protein content was determined using the Kjeldahl method (IAL, 2008) with a conversion factor of 6.25; and the lipid content was determined using the Bligh & Dyer (1959) method.”
MethodInfluential
Analysis of post-maturation biochemical changes in the thalli of Phycocalidia vietnamensis (Bangiales) occurring in the wild stock
Baghel, R. S., Jagtap, A. S., Parab, A. S., et al. (2023) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-023-04012-3 · Cited by 3
The Activation of PPARγ by (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic Acid Counteracts the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Process in Skin Carcinogenesis
Flori, E., Mosca, S., Cardinali, G., Briganti, S., Ottaviani, M., Kovacs, D., Manni, I., Truglio, M., Mastrofrancesco, A., Zaccarini, M., et al. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12071007 · Cited by 3
“Lipids were extracted from A431 cells in accordance with the Bligh and Dryer procedure with slight modifications [58].”
Method
SM22α Deletion Contributes to Neurocognitive Impairment in Mice through Modulating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes
Xu, X., Liu, X., Liu, X.-L., Wang, X., Zhang, W., Huang, X.-F., Jia, F.-Y., Kong, P., & Han, M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24087117 · Cited by 3
“Cells were collected and lipids were extracted using a modified Bligh and Dyer extraction procedure (double rounds of extraction) [39,40].”
Method
Phylogeny and structural insights of lipase from Halopseudomonas maritima sp. nov., isolated from sea sand
Kujur, R. R. A., Ghosh, M., Basak, S., et al. (2023) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-023-00362-0 · Cited by 3
“…the lipids analysis, cells were grown in tryptic soy broth (Difco) to mid-exponential phase on a rotary shaker at 28 °C. Polar lipids were extracted from 200 mg of dry cells described by Bligh and Dyer (1959) and separated by two-dimensional TLC (silica gel 60 F 254 , cat no. 1.05554.0007; Merck).”
MethodInfluential
Ex situ bioremediation of diesel fuel-contaminated soil in two different climates
Predikaka, T. C., Mastnak, T., Jerman, M. S., & Finšgar, M. (2023) · International Journal of Phytoremediation · doi:10.1080/15226514.2023.2204165 · Cited by 3
“PLFAs were extracted using a modified method by Frostegård et al. (Frostegård et al. 1993), which is based on the method of Bligh and Dyer (Bligh and Dyer 1959).”
Method
L-threonine requirement of silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen ): growth performance, body composition, plasma and liver metabolites
Flores, D. P., Pianesso, D., Battisti, E. K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Applied Animal Research · doi:10.1080/09712119.2023.2203746 · Cited by 3
Nutrient and Fatty Acid Composition of Pike Perch (Sander lucioperca) and Evaluation of Important Indexes Related to Human Health
Balikçi, E. (2023) · Acta Aquatica Turcica · doi:10.22392/actaquatr.1259647 · Cited by 3
Decreased MARCKS Protein Expression in Kidney Cortex Membrane Fractions of Cathepsin B Knockout Mice Is Associated with Reduced Lysophosphatidylcholine and Protein Kinase C Activity
Kawakibi, T., Bala, N., Liu, L. P., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051489 · Cited by 3
“The Bligh and Dyer method was used to extract lipids from each sample [23], which was then adjusted to 1 mL with reagent-grade water and incubated for 10 min on ice.”
Method
Characterization of collagen from Java barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) skin and its effect on selected properties of yogurt
Prihanto, A. A., Nursyam, H., Jatmiko, Y. D., et al. (2023) · Canrea Journal Food Technology Nutritions and Culinary Journal · doi:10.20956/canrea.v6i1.716 · Cited by 3
“Total nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl method, and ash content was determined using gravimetric analysis after heating the sample at 550°C for 24 h. Moisture was also analyzed using gravimetric analysis in an oven with a temperature of 105°C for 24–36 h. Finally, fat content was determined using the method d…”
Method
Combining high pressure and electric fields towards Nannochloropsis oculata eicosapentaenoic acid-rich extracts
Sousa, S. C., CARVALHO, A. P. F. D., Pinto, C. A., Amaral, R. A., Saraiva, J. A., Pereira, R. N., Vicente, A. A., Freitas, A. C., & Gomes, A. (2023) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-023-12626-w · Cited by 3
“Moreover, the extraction SM utilized in both studies as control for comparison purposes (Bligh and Dyer 1959) was different from those tested herein (SM1 and SM2).”
Sucralose Targets the Insulin Signaling Pathway in the SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Čović, M., Zjalić, M., Mihajlović, L., Pap, M., Wagner, J., Mandić, D., Debeljak, Ž., & Heffer, M. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13070817 · Cited by 3
Bioconversion of vitamin D3 into calcitriol by Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate CCASU- A11-2
Abbas, A. M., Elkhatib, W. F., Aboulwafa, M., et al. (2023) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-023-01574-3 · Cited by 3
“Accordingly, the aeration rate (Bligh and Dyer 1959), inoculum size, the timing of substrate addition, and fixed pH of the fermentation medium are the most important variables that appeared to affect the study isolate’s ability to bioconvert vitamin D3.”
Background
Growth performance and gene expression of FAS , CPT1 , G6P , and HK in juveniles of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium acanthurus, fed diets with different levels of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates
Gómez, S. A. F., Powell, M. S., Álvarez‐González, C. A., et al. (2023) · Journal of the World Aquaculture Society · doi:10.1111/jwas.13014 · Cited by 3
A diet containing cod backbone proteins attenuated the development of mesangial sclerosis and tubular dysfunction in male obese BTBR ob/ob mice
O’Keeffe, M., Oterhals, Å., Weishaupt, H., Leh, S. M., Ulvik, A., Ueland, P. M., Halstensen, A. I., Marti, H., & Gudbrandsen, O. A. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03227-4 · Cited by 4
“Fatty acid composition of diets was analysed by gas chromatography [37] after lipid extraction as described by Bligh and Dyer [35].”
Method
Extramitochondrial ATP as [Ca2+]m and cardiolipin content regulator
Babich, L. G., Shlykov, S. G., Bavelska-Somak, A. O., Zagoruiko, A. G., Tm, H., Kosiakova, H. V., Hula, N. M., & Sa, K. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184213 · Cited by 3
Trophic status determination of the Egyptian Eastern Mediterranean Sea based on phytoplankton diversity and their biochemical contents
Ismail, M. M., Diab, M. H., & El-Sheekh, M. M. (2023) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11690-z · Cited by 3
Characterization and Stability of a Novel Toxin in Scallop Mantle Tissue
Maeda, N., Yumoto, T., Xiong, G., & Hasegawa, Y. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12173224 · Cited by 4
Insights into the organic matter composition of soda lakes in the Pantanal, Brazil, through fatty acids analysis in sediments
Schleder, A. A., Froehner, S., Sánez, J., et al. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-29764-3 · Cited by 3
“The total lipids were extracted following the procedure described in Bligh and Dyer (1959).”
Method
Bioprospecting the potential of metabolites from a Saharan saline soil strainNocardiopsis dassonvilleiGSBS4
Djinni, I., Conroy, L., Varbanov, M., Souagui, S., Yanat, B., Defant, A., Kecha, M., & Mancini, I. (2023) · Journal of Basic Microbiology · doi:10.1002/jobm.202300162 · Cited by 3
“The polar lipids were evaluated using a modified method of the one reported by Pasciak et al. [32] after total lipids extraction according to Bligh and Dyer [33] as reported in Djinni et al. [34].”
Method
Microalgal Biomass: Introduction and Production Methods
Joy, S. R., & Anju, T. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6772-6_7-1 · Cited by 5
Composition of planktonic foraminifera test-bound organic material and implications for carbon cycle reconstructions
Paoloni, T., Hoogakker, B. A. A., Navarro-Rodríguez, A., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1237440 · Cited by 3

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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