Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
Folch, J., Ascoli, I., Lees, M. B., Meath, J. A., & Lebaron, F. N. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55987-1 · Cited by 1,341
Storage of Frozen Plaice Fillets
Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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Evaluation of Xylose Assimilation by a Strain of Desmodesmus sp. and the use of Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate as a Carbon Source for Algal Biomass Production
Sartori, M. L., Pantoja, L. D. A., & dos Santos, A. S. (2025) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-025-02933-w · Cited by 3
Microalgal (Nannochloropsis sp., Isochrysis sp. and Tetraselmis sp.) diet for spat of the green mussel (Perna viridis) in Bangladesh: growth, filtration and ingestion efficiency
Islam, M. Z., Hasan, J., Rahman, T., et al. (2025) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-025-00315-8 · Cited by 3
“Carbohydrate was determined according to Dubois et al. [19], Protein was determined according to Lowry et al. [20], Lipid was determined according to Bligh and Dyer [21], and Folch et al. [22].”
A geranylgeranyl reductase homolog required for cholesterol production in Myxococcota
Lee, A. K., & Welander, P. V. (2025) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00495-24 · Cited by 3
“Lipids were extracted from dried cell pellets using a modified Bligh Dyer extraction (62).”
Evaluating fatty acid profiles in anisakid nematode parasites and adjacent tissue of European hake (Merluccius merluccius): a first insight into local host-parasite lipid dynamics
Monteiro, J. P., Sousa, T., Pinho, M., et al. (2025) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-025-08477-1 · Cited by 3
“Total lipid extracts of both parasites and European hake tissue were obtained by using the Bligh and Dyer method (Bligh and Dyer 1959) with slight adaptations (Bao et al. 2017).”
An interdisciplinary approach to detect and grade ‘Mushy Halibut Syndrome’ in fillets of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)
Severin, N. L., Ortega, S., Romeyn, R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-025-03193-x · Cited by 3
“The Bligh & Dyer method was used to extract oil from the fillets to quantify total lipid content [28].”
Integrative proteomic and lipidomic analysis of GNB1 and SCARB2 knockdown in human subcutaneous adipocytes
Kitamoto, T., & Kitamoto, A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319163 · Cited by 3
“Subsequently, lipid extraction was performed using the Bligh and Dyer method [41], following the protocol detailed in our previous study [42].”
Chikungunya Replication and Infection Is Dependent upon and Alters Cellular Hexosylceramide Levels in Vero Cells
Noble, J. T., Bimpeh, K., Pisciotta, M. A., Ballista, J. M. R., Hines, K. M., & Brindley, M. A. (2025) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v17040509 · Cited by 3
“Lipid extraction was performed using a modified version of the Bligh and Dyer extraction method [49–51].”
Genome mining reveals the biosynthetic potential of a novel Lysinibacillus zambalensis sp. nov., isolated from a hyperalkaline spring
Aja, J., Llorin, L. D., Lim, K. R. Q., Teodosio, J. J. R., Sioson, E. J., Dy, R. L. V., Arcilla, C. A., Dalisay, D. S., & Lazaro, J. E. H. (2025) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-025-04316-0 · Cited by 4
“Polar lipids were analyzed using a modified protocol by Bligh and Dyer ( 1959).”
The effect of depth on the composition and saturation of total fatty acids present within the tissues and skeletons of two reef-building corals
von Xylander, N. S. H., Hédouin, L., Smith, T., & Allison, N. (2025) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-025-04622-7 · Cited by 3
“The powder was transferred into pre-weighed 12 mL borosilicate glass vials and extracted following the method of Bligh and Dyer (1959).”
Growth characteristics and biodiesel properties of fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) of Scenedesmus dimorphus (Turpin) Kützing
Ogbonna, K. E., Ogbonna, J. C., NJOKU, O. U., Yamada, K., & Suzuki, I. (2025) · Biofuels · doi:10.1080/17597269.2025.2497003 · Cited by 3
Machine learning models to revealing the impacts of ibuprofen on Fistulifera pelliculosa and Mesolimbus marine algae
Bingke, Y., Zhou, Y., Lei, W., Amirian, V., Russel, M., Zhang, D., & Yusof, Z. N. B. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.116859 · Cited by 3
Induction of Peroxisomal β‐Oxidation as a Critical Mechanism for Ethanol‐Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation
Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., Li, Y., Yao, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., & Zeng, J. Y. (2025) · FASEB BioAdvances · doi:10.1096/fba.2024-00211 · Cited by 3
“Liver TG was extracted by the method of Bligh and Dyer [30] and determined with a commercial kit (Wako, Osaka, Japan).”
Evaluation of the residual feed intake on carcass and meat quality traits of Nellore bulls: a biochemical and molecular approach
Alvarado, D., Rodrigues, R. C., Ferreira, C. R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skaf148 · Cited by 3
Riparian Zone Heterogeneity Influences the Amount and Fate of Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon at the Land‐Water Interface
Reidy, M., Berggren, M., Lupon, A., Laudon, H., & Sponseller, R. A. (2025) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2024jg008471 · Cited by 3
Comparative lipid analysis and valorization strategies for processed gilthead seabream and European pilchard secondary raw materials
Monteiro, J. P., Sousa, T., Pinho, M., Moreira, A. S. P., Goracci, L., Pires, C., Marques, A., Nunes, M. L., Domingues, P. M., Calado, R., et al. (2025) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2025.117888 · Cited by 2
Lung lipids associated with smoking and ECIG use in a cross-sectional study and clinical trial
McElroy, J. P., Song, M., Barr, J. R., et al. (2025) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-025-03267-w · Cited by 3
“Lipids from BAL samples were extracted using a modified Bligh/Dyer method [35].”
Costs of photosynthesis and cellular remodeling in trophic transitions of the unicellular red alga Galdieria partita
Yamashita, S., Hirooka, S., Fujiwara, T., Zhou, B., Yagisawa, F., Tamashiro, K., Murakami, H., Awai, K., & Miyagishima, S. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08284-5 · Cited by 3
Quantitative profiling of fatty acids in tropical oysters (Crassostrea spp.) using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Zaid, A., Zulkurnain, M., Patar, A., Raja, P. B., Kangiwa, A. I., Mohammed, M. I., Marriott, P. J., & Wong, Y. F. (2025) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.145307 · Cited by 4
Protein recovery from black soldier fly larvae using enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline extraction
Chakawa, D. P., & Goosen, N. J. (2025) · Journal of Insects as Food and Feed · doi:10.1163/23524588-bja10255 · Cited by 3
Improved pre-treatment for lipid staining of microalgae with a rigid cell wall
Reuscher, S., Klöck, G., Kersten, A., Schabel, S., & Graf, R. (2025) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107205 · Cited by 3
Microalgae consortium for the treatment of pig slaughterhouse wastewater: A biorefinery approach
Medrano-Barboza, J., Donoso, P. E., Mestre, M. M. F., Martínez-Gómez, J., Rodrı́guez, R., & Morales, V. (2025) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2025.104433 · Cited by 4
Potential beneficial effects of dietary replacement of fish meal with Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on growth, general physiology, and microanatomy of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Younas, W., Zuberi, A., Lodhi, F., et al. (2025) · Fish Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10695-025-01545-4 · Cited by 3
“Crude fat was estimated to be using the petroleum ether extraction procedure with the Soxtec system HTz (Bligh and Dyer 1959).”
A chimeric Mla-Pqi lipid transport system is required for Brucella abortus survival in macrophages
Lannoy, A., Ronneau, A., Fernández-García, M., Dieu, M., Renard, P., Fernández, A. G., Conde-Álvarez, R., & Bolle, X. D. (2025) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/s44318-025-00511-3 · Cited by 3
“Brie ﬂ y, lipid residues obtained by Bligh and Dyer for whole bacteria or OMVs were resuspended in 300 μL of methanol:chloroform containing 25 mg/L of d17:0 sphinganine (IS1).”
Navigating lipid landscapes: insights into feedstock's, extraction methods, challenges, and future outcomes
Amna, R., & Faheem, A. F. (2025) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2025.114663 · Cited by 5
Two-stage cultivation using noodle soup waste water for the sustainable production of microalgal biomass and biodiesel
Wang, X., Esakkimuthu, S., Yuan, C., Chen, H., El‐Mesery, H. S., Wang, S., & Hu, X. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146438 · Cited by 4
A comprehensive overview of microalgae- and cyanobacteria-derived polysaccharides: Extraction, structural chemistry, techno-functional and bioactive properties
Akter, F., Songsomboon, K., Ralph, P. J., & Kuzhiumparambil, U. (2025) · Bioresource Technology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2025.102280 · Cited by 4
Pulmonary surfactant protein SP-C regulates lipid vesicle uptake by alveolar type II cells and macrophages: Role of lipids, palmitoylation, and environment
Morán‐Lalangui, M., Villoslada-González, M., Hevia-Lorenzo, C., et al. (2025) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2025.159688 · Cited by 3
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Tokarczyk, G., Szymczak, B., Szymczak, M., et al. (2011) · Zywnosc-nauka Technologia Jakosc · Cited by 3
Water Stress Induced Thermotolerance of Photosynthesis in Two Bean Varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
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Effects of moisture and extrusion temperatures on the oxidative stability of milling oat products with granularity below 532 µm
Gutkoski, L. C., & El-Dash, A. A. (1998) · Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology · doi:10.1590/s1516-89131998000400003 · Cited by 3
Composición bioquímica del camarón dulceacuícola Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) sometido a condiciones de cultivo
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Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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